Kuhlelo lokukhiqiza imfuyo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic akubangeli nje kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwama-superbugs, kodwa futhi kubangela ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yemfuyo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-antibiotic anomsebenzi omningi we-antibacterial ngokumelene nama-microorganisms amathumbu, angabulali amabhaktheriya ayingozi kuphela kodwa namagciwane anenzuzo. Ngakho-ke,{2}}ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-antibiotics kuzonciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemiphakathi yezilwane ezincane futhi kwandise amathuba okuba i-pathogen colonization emgudwini wamathumbu. Umnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya wase-China ubeke ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2020, abakhiqizi bokuphakelayo bazoyeka ukukhiqiza izifunzo zentengiso eziqukethe ukukhula-okuphromotha izithasiselo zokuphakela kwemithi (ngaphandle kwemithi yendabuko yamaShayina). Kulo mongo, kuphuthuma kakhulu ukuthola izithasiselo zokudla okuluhlaza ezingangena esikhundleni semithi elwa namagciwane. Amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo athathwa njengezinto ezingaba esikhundleni sama-antibiotic ngenxa yemisebenzi yawo ebalulekile yokulwa namagciwane. Amafutha abalulekile e-citrus (ama-CEO) aphakathi kwamakhulu futhi akhiqizwa kakhulu ukuthengiswa, ngoba izindleko zawo ziphansi futhi zinomthelela ekukhiqizeni okubanzi. Ama-CEO kubikwa ukuthi anomsebenzi okhethekile wokulwa namagciwane futhi anethonya elincane ekukhuleni kwamagciwane anenzuzo, njengeLactobacillus, kanye nethonya elikhulu kumagciwane ayingozi, njenge-Escherichia coli. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhiwo ekukhiqizeni izilwane kuzoba nenani elikhulu. Leli phepha ligxile emisebenzini ye-CEO yokulwa namagciwane kanye nezindlela zabo zokwenza ukuze banikeze isisekelo sethiyori sokusetshenziswa kwabo ekukhiqizeni izilwane.
A. Isingeniso esifushane kuma-CEO
Ama-CEO angamakha akhishwe ezitshalweni ezisawolintshi, aluhlaza ngokwemvelo,-angenabo ubuthi,{1}}angasaleli futhi{2}}angaciki, futhi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amafutha abalulekile awolintshi amnandi, amafutha omvini, amafutha kalamula, amafutha abalulekile e-bergamot, amafutha abalulekile awolintshi kanye namafutha abalulekile eqabunga elolintshi. Ama-CEO avela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezitshalo, njengamaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo, nezikhumba. Izindlela ezivamile zokukhipha nokucubungula ama-CEO yi-distillation, indlela ye-solvent, indlela yokucindezela, indlela yokukhipha i-nitrogen dioxide ephezulu kakhulu kanye ne-distillation yamangqamuzana, phakathi kwayo i-distillation iyindlela evame kakhulu futhi ehlanzekile, futhi i-95% yamafutha abalulekile ezitshalo angakhishwa nge-distillation. Ama-CEO anezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yebhayoloji, okuhlanganisa i-antibacterial, i-antioxidant, kanye{7}}nokuqeda ukuvuvukala; Inethuba elihle lokusebenzisa imfuyo nezinkukhu ngoba ingavimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta emfuyweni naseshede lezinkukhu, inqande noma ibulale i-Salmonella namanye amagciwane ayingozi, ithuthukise ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo nokunethezeka kwemfuyo nezinkukhu. Ngokujula kocwaningo lokushintshanisa kanye nemfuneko yezinto eziluhlaza, ukungcola{9}}zamahhala,{10}}ezingezona izinsalela zemithi elwa namagciwane, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwenziwa emisebenzini yebhayoloji ye-CEO elwa namagciwane, ikakhulukazi ucwaningo lwemisebenzi yabo elwa namagciwane ekhethiwe ludonse ukunaka kweqembu lethu locwaningo, futhi ucwaningo oluningi luzokwenziwa{11} olujulile.
B. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-CEO
Ama-CEO angama-hydrocarbon ayinkimbinkimbi nezingxube zomoya-mpilo-aqukethe okuphuma kokuphuma kwe-terpenes nokungewona{1}}ama-terpenes, ahlanganisa amaqembu asebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ama-aldehydes, utshwala, ama-ketone, namanye ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi, njengama-ester nama-organic acid. Ama-CEO ayahluka ngokwakhiwa ngezinhlobonhlobo, isizini, nendawo, nangesigaba sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, futhi aqukethe izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene, njenge-limonene, -i-pinene, -i-pinene, -i-terpinene, i-sabinene, -i-Myrcene ne-Linalool (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokuvamile, i-CEO ngayinye iqukethe ama-20 kuya kwangu-60 amakhompawundi, lapho amaphesenti angu-85 kuya kwangu-99 ayinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa i-monoterpene, i-sesquiterpenes, ne-sesquiterpenoids. I-Monoterpenes iyinhlanganisela ebaluleke kakhulu eguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ama-isoprene amabili (C5H8). D-i-limonene iyi-monoterpene futhi iyisithako esisebenzayo sama-CEO, inani layo elihluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwama-CEO. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-bergamot obalulekile uqukethe u-32% kuya ku-45% D-i-limonene, uwoyela kalamula 45% ukuya ku-76%, namafutha ewolintshi amnandi 68% ukuya ku-98% D-limonene. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-CEO, kuyasiza ukuqhubeka nokufunda izithako ezisebenzayo zama-CEO enza umsebenzi webhayoloji.
C. umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wama-CEO
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo anakwa kabanzi ezakhiweni zawo zokulwa namagciwane ngenxa yomsebenzi wawo obanzi wokulwa namagciwane kanye nobuthi obuncane bensalela. Ama-CEO kanye nezinhlanganisela zawo eziningi zinemisebenzi yokulwa namagciwane, isibonelo, i-D-i-limonene ine-antibacterial, anti{2}}anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, futhi -i-pinene kanye -ne-pinene ine-antibacterial, anti{5}}imiphumela yokuvuvukala, ne-antioxidant, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwenziwa eminyakeni yakamuva ye-CEO ye-antibacterial. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sigxile emsebenzini wokulwa namagciwane wama-CEO amaningana amakhulu.
3.1 Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wama-CEO amaningana ayinhloko
3.1.1 Amafutha amnandi awolintshi abalulekile
Amafutha abalulekile awolintshi amnandi angomunye wamafutha ambalwa abalulekile anomphumela wokupholisa. Amafutha amnandi awolintshi abalulekile avimbela ukukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zamabhaktheriya, Lezi zihlanganisa i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Listeria Monocytogenes, i-Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, i-Salmonella typhimurium nezinye i-Typhimurium); Futhi isikhunta eziningana, ezifana Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus njalonjalo.
3.1.2 amafutha kalamula
Amafutha kalamula awuketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo olunamaphunga e-citrus, aqabulayo futhi amasha. Amafutha kalamula anomsebenzi osebenzayo wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-Bacillus cereus, i-Klebsiella pneumoniae, i-Enterococcus faecalis, njll. Inemiphumela yokulwa nesikhunta ku-Aspergillus Niger, Penicillium verrucosum kanye ne-Kluyveromyces fragilis.
Grapefruit amafutha abalulekile
I-Grapefruit ipholile, ngokushisa, umphumela wokoma. Amafutha abalulekile e-Grapefruit anephunga elimnandi nelimnandi, elinamakha ezithelo ezisawolintshi. Amafutha abalulekile e-Grapefruit enziwe ngekhasi elisha futhi elibandayo elicindezelwe ngesivuno samafutha esingu-0.5% ~ 1.0%. Amafutha abalulekile e-Grapefruit anomsebenzi onamandla wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-Bacillus cereus, i-Enterococcus faecalis, i-Escherichia coli ne-Klebsiella pneumoniae. Inomsebenzi oqinile we-antifungal ngokumelene ne-Aspergillus Niger kanye ne-Candida albicans.
3.1.4 Amafutha abalulekile eBergamot
Ekhishwe ecwecweni le-bergamot, amafutha abalulekile aluhlaza okotshani futhi anokunambitheka okusha, okufana newolintshi elimnandi nolamula. Amafutha abalulekile e-Bergamet avimbela ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene, ahlanganisa i-Escherichia coli, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Bacillus cereus ne-Salmonella, futhi inomsebenzi we-antifungal ngokumelene ne-Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, i-Kluvyces crispii ne-Candida albicans.
3.1.5 Amafutha abalulekile awolintshi
Amafutha awolintshi abalulekile anokunambitheka okuhlukile kwekhasi le-citrus elinephunga elimnandi lezimbali. Amafutha awolintshi abalulekile aziwa ngemiphumela yawo ebanzi-ye-spectrum elwa namagciwane kanye ne-antifungal. Ivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane amaningana, ahlanganisa i-Escherichia coli, i-Bacillus subtilis, i-Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ne-Staphylococcus aureus. Vimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta eziningana, okuhlanganisa i-Penicillium italicum, i-Aspergillus flavus kanye ne-Alternaria alternata.
