Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela esibonakala ngokuphikelela kukashukela wegazi, okuholela ekungasebenzini kahle kwamangqamuzana e-beta e-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin, kanye nezinguquko kancane kancane kumetabolism yama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, namafutha, okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi. Ngokusho kwe-International Diabetes Federation (IDF), abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-537 abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-79 emhlabeni wonke banesifo sikashukela, futhi izidakamizwa zamanje zokwehlisa ushukela-(isb., i-biguidine ne-thiazolidinediones) zivame ukuba nemiphumela engemihle efana negesi, ukuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo semvelo{8}}izithako ezisebenzayo ze-hypoglycemic zihlolisiswe kabanzi. Ukhula lwasolwandle, okuyizinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nezinsiza ezivuselelekayo zasolwandle, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu ngokwemibala yazo, okungukuthi, i-chlorophyta ensundu, ebomvu neluhlaza.
Isimo socwaningo
Ucwaningo lweminyaka eyishumi edlule lubonise ukuthi ukhula lwasolwandle lonke lunomphumela omelene-noshukela kumamodeli womuntu noma wezilwane, kodwa umphumela wawo unomkhawulo. Iboniswe ngokuyinhloko ekuvinjweni kwe-carbohydrate hydrolase (-i-amylase ne--glucosidase) ne-dipeptidyl peptidase -IV (DPP-IV), kanye nezinga le-glucose yegazi elizinzile le-postpranpranal. Ngaphezu kokuvimbela i-enzyme in vitro, abacwaningi baphinde bagxila emiphumeleni yayo ye-hypoglycemic kumamodeli wamagundane. Isibonelo, i-flavonoid-i-Enteromorpha ecebile idlala indima ye-hypoglycemic kumagundane abesilisa anesifo sikashukela enziwe yi-streptozotocin, elawulwa kakhulu yindlela yeseli ye-PKB/Akt. Okwesibili, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi imiphumela enenzuzo yolwelwe ingase ibangelwe nomthelela wabo wokuvikela ku-islet kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-insulin secretion yama-islet cells, kanye nokugqugquzela ukwanda kwe-proteus, i-Babella namanye amagciwane anenzuzo emgudwini wamathumbu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwe-intestinal microbiota, ngaleyo ndlela kulawule ukukhululwa kwe-insulin.
Ulwelwe lucebile kumakhompiyutha e-bioactive njenge-pigment, ama-phenol nama-polysaccharides ane-sulfated. Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-bioactive nazo zibonise imiphumela ebalulekile ye-hypoglycemic.
(1) I-Fucoxanthin: I-Fucoxanthin iyi-carotenoid etholakala kuma-chloroplast olwelwe. Isakhiwo saso sibonakala ngamabhondi e-propylene nomoya-mpilo-aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo, afana namaqembu e-hydroxyl, carbonyl kanye ne-carboxyl. Ukulawulwa kwe-Fucoxanthin kwezinga likashukela wegazi kuwumphumela wokuthuthuka kwendlela yokusayina ye-insulin. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi i-fucoxanthin ingase ibe nomthelela wokuvikela ku-hyperglycemia ebangelwa ukukhuluphala. Ngasikhathi sinye, vimbela ingcindezi ye-glucose oxidative, futhi ngokuhlanganyela ukhulule uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezifana ne-hyperglycemia.
(2) Ama-Tannins: Ama-tannin ayingxenye yeqembu lama-polyphenols avame ukuhlonzwa futhi ahlukaniswe nokhula lwasolwandle olunsundu. Inani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-tannin kanye nendawo ye-O bridge bond kuhlobene eduze nomsebenzi wawo. Imiphumela yayo ye-hypoglycemic ihlanganisa: ukuvinjelwa kwe-carbohydrate hydrolase; Ukwenyuka kwe-glucose yemisipha yamathambo ngokusebenzisa i-PKB/Akt cell pathway kwenza amazinga e-insulin abejwayelekile kanye noshukela wegazi, okuholela emiphumeleni ye-hypoglycemic. Yehlisa izinga le-lipid oxidation, ithuthukise umthamo we-antioxidant; Ukuvikelwa ku-glucose - eyenziwe nge-cell oxidation kufanele kukhuthazwe.
(3) I-Sulfated polysaccharide: I-polysaccharide e-Sulfated ikhishwa ikakhulukazi ku-algae oluhlaza nolwelwe olubomvu, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, isisindo samangqamuzana kanye ne-chain conformation kuhlobene eduze nomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo. Imiphumela yayo ye-hypoglycemic ihlanganisa: ukuvinjelwa kwe-carbohydrate hydrolase kanye ne-anti-oxidation.
(4) I-Fucoidan: Uhlaka lwe-fucoidan lwakhiwe -(1→3) i-fucose exhunyiwe, enenani elikhulu le-sulfate kanye namaqembu e-L-e-fucose ku-c-2 noma i-C-4 isikhundla. Imiphumela yayo ye-hypoglycemic ihlanganisa: ukuvinjelwa kwe-carbohydrate hydrolase; Ngokwehlisa amazinga eglucose yokuzila ukudla, ukuthuthukisa amazinga e-insulin, i-lipid kanye nezingxenye ze-lipoprotein, nama-enzyme e-antioxidant; Ngokuthuthukisa izitshalo zamathumbu, ukwandisa ukuchichima kwe-Bacteroidetes ne-Ackermanella, ukugcina ukuzinza kweglucose yegazi.
Isiphetho kanye neProspect
Kafushane, ulwelwe nezinto zalo ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-fucoxanin, i-tannin kanye ne-sulfated polysaccharides zisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ukuze kuzinziswe amazinga kashukela wegazi we-postpranpranal ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, i-algae ehlala olwandle ingacebisa kalula i-cadmium, i-lead, i-chromium, ithusi nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo ezivela endaweni yasolwandle, okwenza ukuphepha kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kunqunywe. Nakuba kukhona izifundo eziningi mayelana -nomsebenzi wesifo sikashukela we-seaweed kanye ne-bioactive substances, kunomehluko omkhulu enqubweni yokulungiselela nokukhipha, futhi inqubo ejwayelekile iyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe i-homogeneous extract. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ezihlukene zine-toxicity ehlukene kanye namaphethini we-metabolic, izifundo zesampula zomtholampilo ezinengqondo ngokwezibalo ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yazo yokuzivikela.
