3.2 Ukuqhathaniswa kwamandla e-antibacterial ama-CEO ahlukene
Ama-CEO ahlukene anemiphumela ehlukene ye-antibacterial ngenxa yomehluko ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo, futhi amakhono abo e-antibacterial ahlobene nezithako zabo ezisebenzayo ezihlukene kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ucwaningo lukaKim lubonisa ukuthi izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezahlukene kuma-CEO zinamakhono ahlukene e-antibacterial. Phakathi kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo, ama-phenols abonisa umsebenzi oqinile we-antibacterial, olandelwa ama-aldehydes, utshwala, ama-ketones, ama-esters nama-hydrocarbons. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezifundo libonise ukuthi i-hydroxyl (-- OH), i-methoxyl (-- OCH3), i-olefins bond kanye nesakhiwo samakhemikhali e-lipophile sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokulwa namagciwane lamafutha abalulekile. Kuhlelo lokuhlola lwe-antibacterial, i-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ingenye yezinkomba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala umphumela wokulwa namagciwane. Uma inani le-MIC lincane, umphumela we-antibacterial uba ngcono. Ithebula 1 libala amanani e-MIC ama-CEO ambalwa avamile, aqhathanise amandla awo okulwa namagciwane. Kungabonakala etafuleni ukuthi ama-CEO ahlukene anamandla ahlukene e-antibacterial ngokumelene namagciwane afanayo, futhi ama-CEO afanayo anamandla ahlukene e-antibacterial ngokumelene namagciwane ahlukene. Ngokuvamile, amafutha abalulekile e-bergamot namafutha kalamula abonise ukusebenza kangcono kwe-antimicrobial kuma-CEO amahlanu avamile abalwe kuThebula 1.
3.3 Imisebenzi ekhethiwe yokulwa namagciwane yama-CEO
Ama-CEO anomsebenzi we-antibacterial okhethiwe. Ucwaningo luye lwabika ama-CEO angakwazi ukuvimbela umsebenzi wamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic, njenge-Listeria, i-Salmonella, i-EScherichia coli, i-Staphylococcus aureus, ne-Bacillus cereus, kuyilapho ivuselela amagciwane anenzuzo, njenge-lactobacillus ezingulubeni. Ama-CEO anomsebenzi omkhulu wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-EScherichia coli, kodwa umthelela omncane noma awunawo nhlobo ngokumelene ne-Lactobacillus, futhi umphumela ovimbelayo wama-CEO uncike{2}}kumthamo. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi lapho ama-CEO esebenza ngamabhaktheriya, i-lactobacilli inama-mics angaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunamanani aphezulu kanye nenani eliphansi le-bactericidal (MBC) eliphindwe izikhathi ezine ngaphezu kwe-E. coli. Lezi zifundo zibonise ukuthi ama-CEO anomsebenzi okhethekile wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene namabhaktheriya ayingozi nazuzisayo.
Umsebenzi okhethiwe we-antibacterial wama-CEO ungase uhlotshaniswe nesakhiwo se-bacterial cell membrane. Umsebenzi okhethiwe wokulwa namagciwane wama-CEO ngokumelene ne-Escherichia coli ne-Lactobacillus ubikwe ngokwezinga elithile. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi uwoyela obalulekile wezitshalo wegram-umphumela wokuvimbela amagciwane uphezulu kunalowo wegram-amagciwane angenayo, umehluko walezi zinambuzane ezimbili ezisengozini yokutshala uwoyela obalulekile kukholakala ukuthi uwumehluko ekwakhekeni kodonga lweseli, ngenxa yokushoda kwebhaktheriya yegremu ye-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Ivumela ukudlula kwe-hydrophilic solutes, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi izinhlanganisela ze-hydrophobic ezifana nezingxenye zikawoyela ezibalulekile zezitshalo zisakazeke kumaseli. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuzokwenza igremu-ibhaktheriya elingenayo imelane kakhulu namafutha abalulekile. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ephambene yatholwa ocwaningweni luka-Ambrosio et al. I-E. coli yayiyi-gram{10}}i-negative bacterium futhi i-Lactobacillus yayiyi-Gram{11}}ibhaktheriya e-positive, kodwa i-E. coli yayizwela kakhulu kuma-CEO kune-Lactobacillus ngoba i-spectrum ye-antibacterial yamafutha abalulekile ezitshalo incike ekucacisweni kwamaqembu asebenzayo amafutha abalulekile enjongweni eyodwa noma eminingi. Ezinye izinhlanganisela zamafutha abalulekile zingadiliza ulwelwesi lwangaphandle lwe-E. coli, lukhulule izinto ezihambisana nalolu lwelwesi futhi lungene engqamuzaneni, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele umonakalo kanye nemiphumela ye-bacteriostatic. Izithako kuma-CEO nazo zingaba naleli khono, okwenza ama-CEO azwele kakhulu ku-E. coli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zika-Viuda{18}}Martos et al. kwembule ukuthi ama-CEO angavimbela i-lactobacillus kuphela ekugxilweni okuphezulu, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile kufakazele umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wama-CEO ngokumelene ne-EScherichia coli ne-Lactobacillus. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zomsebenzi okhethekile we-antibacterial phakathi kwama-CEO zidinga ukufundwa okwengeziwe.
