Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-inulin kudonse ukunaka okukhulu embonini yokudla yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ibisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yobisi, iziphuzo, imikhiqizo kafulawa, imikhiqizo yenyama kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokudla.
01Imikhiqizo yobisi
Njengengxenye yamafutha enhle kakhulu, i-inulin yakha isakhiwo esinokhilimu lapho ixutshwe ngokuphelele namanzi, inikeze ubisi lwe-skim ukunambitheka okubushelelezi. Ukwengezwa kwe-inulin kungakhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium obisini. Ekukhiqizeni iyogathi, ukwengeza i-inulin engu-6% kunganciphisa izinga lokukhululwa kwe-whey futhi kusize ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yeyogathi. Ukwengeza i-inulin engu-6% kuyogurt yobisi lwembuzi kukhiqize ukunambitheka okungcono.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwengeza i-inulin-kuyogathi enamafutha aphansi kunenzuzo ekukhuleni nasekuvubeleni kwama-probiotics afana ne-Streptococcus thermophilus, i-Lactobacillus bulgaricus, i-Lactobacillus acidophilus, i-lactobacillus rhamnosus, futhi kwandise inani lamagciwane aphilayo ngesikhathi sokugcina iyogathi. Kuyogathi evutshelwe i-streptococcus thermophilus kanye neLactobacillus ehlukile noma i-bifidobacterium, i-inulin engu-2% ~ 4% ingandisa futhi ubulukhuni beyogathi.
Izinga elifanelekile lokushintsha amafutha e-inulin ku-yoghurt eqinile lingu-40%, futhi izinga elifanelekile lokwengeza le-inulin efushane-yeketango elifushane eziphuzweni zobisi lwe-skim ngu-4%~10% no-4%~6%, ngokulandelana.
Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi okhethekile wokudla okunempilo kwe-inulin, imikhiqizo yobisi esebenzayo ingenziwa. Isibonelo, ukungeza ama-oligosaccharide{1}emikhiqizweni yobisi engavutshiwe kungaxazulula izinkinga zezingane{2}}abadala abaphakathi nasebekhulile, njengokushisa okulula nokuqunjelwa, kuphinde kwehlise i-lipid yegazi noshukela. Ukukhula nempilo ye-Lactobacillus acidophilus, i-Lactobacillus rhamnosus ne-Lactobifidobacterium obisini olungamafutha{4}olubiliswe ngamafutha kwandiswa kakhulu ngokungeza i-inulin ngethamo eliphansi obisini olukhihliziwe. I-Inulin, ecebile nge-fructose-oligosaccharides, iyisengezo esiphephile nesisebenzayo ekudleni komntwana ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-intestinal microbiota eduze{7}}namazinga okuncelisa.
02Imikhiqizo kafulawa
I-Inulin ifana nokubukeka kukafulawa kakolweni. Impushana emhlophe ene-hydrophilicity enhle futhi ingakha ukuthungwa okuhle, okubushelelezi ngemva kokumunca amanzi. Ukusebenzisa lezi zici ze-inulin kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhlama, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo, futhi kwandise ukwakheka komsoco womkhiqizo.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-inulin ingakhuphula isikhathi sokwakheka, isikhathi sokuzinza, inkomba kafulawa, ukumelana nokuqina, isilinganiso sokuqina namandla aqinile enhlama, futhi yehlise izinga elintengantengayo lenhlama, elalihlobene nokwanda komsebenzi wokugoqa -okuqukethwe kokugoqa kweprotheni kakolweni, ukuncipha {{1}kokuphenduphenduka kokuqukethwe, kanye{2}}nokuhlangana ne-gluten.
Umphumela we-inulin wawuhlobene eduze nezinga eliphakathi le-polymerization kanye nenani le-inulin. Uma i-inulin eyeqile yengezwa (＞ 5%) izoba nomthelela omubi ophawulekayo kwikhwalithi yenhlama nemikhiqizo yayo, okungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwa isisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana kanye ne-hydrophobicity eqinile ye-inulin, okulula ukwenza izinhlayiya ezincane ezine-viscosity eqinile lapho uhlangana namanzi enqubweni yokuxuba inhlama, okuholela ekuxubeni kwenhlama engalingani futhi kulimaze isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gluten.
Ngochungechunge olufushane kanye ne-inulin yemvelo, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi le-polymerization℃futhi iqukethe inani elithile lama-oligosaccharides, i-hydrophilicity yayo inhle, kulula ukuyihlakaza noma ihlakazeke emanzini, kulula ukuyihlakaza ngokulinganayo ebusweni, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwenani elithile lokwengeza (＜ 10%) izokhuthaza inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwenhlama, ikhulise umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza inhlama kanye ne-gas deg, i-gas encane yokukhiqiza kanye ne-gas. kanye nezinga elithambile nelinwebekayo, lisiza ukuthuthukisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
I-Inulin yengezwe kumabhisikidi ahlanzekile anambitheka ngokucophelela, ukuthungwa okufanayo, umbala osagolide, ukugaya kwe-in vitro kuphansi kunamabhisikidi ajwayelekile. I-Inulin ingakhuphula i-porosity, ivolumu kanye nevolumu ethile yesinkwa, inciphise isikhathi sokubhaka futhi ibambezele ukuguga kwesinkwa.
03Inyama
I-Inulin ivame ukusetshenziselwa esikhundleni sikawoyela noma isitashi emikhiqizweni yenyama ukuze kuncishiswe amandla, kwandiswe i-fiber yokudla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza komsoco wemikhiqizo. I-Inulin ithatha indawo kagrisi esosejini, ikhulisa ubulukhuni bayo, ukunamathela kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo ngokwezinga elithile, futhi inciphisa ukunwebeka kwayo, ukuhlafuna nokuhlangana kwayo, okuhlobene kakhulu nokuthamba okuthambile kwamafutha kunejeli ye-inulin.
Ukwengeza i-inulin engu-20% kuma-meatballs kunganciphisa amafutha kanye ne-trans fatty acid content, umswakama, okuqukethwe kukasawoti, ukulahleka kokupheka kanye nenani elishintshashintshayo lobubomvu, futhi kukhuphule inani lokukhanya kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha. Ngokufaka esikhundleni samafutha e-Lyon-isoseji lesitayela nge-inulin engu-0.2-3.0%, okuqukethwe kwamafutha esosejini kwehliswe ngo-32% kuya ku-88%, i-succulence yaba ngcono, ubulukhuni kanye nokuqina kwenyama kwehla.
I-Inulin njengemikhiqizo yenyama yenhlanzi yama-cryoprotectants, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ku-mi silver carp inhlanzi yalungiswa ngokungeza i-1.5% yekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-inulin ingcono kakhulu, ingxenye ye-hydroxyl ye-inulin ingahlanganiswa namaprotheni, ivimbele ukunqwabelana kwamaprotheni e-hydroxyl hydrogen bonding ingabuye ihlanganiswe nama-molecule amanzi, inciphise ukugoqa kanye nokwakheka kwe-molecule yamanzi. kanye nokukhula kwamakristalu eqhwa, Ngakho-ke, i-inulin inomphumela othile wokuvikela we-antifreeze.
{0}}i-inulin ye-chain emfushane inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvikela i-antifreeze, ilandelwa i-inulin yemvelo, futhi i-inulin ende{1}}inomphumela omubi kakhulu wokuvikela i-antifreeze, okungenzeka kubangelwe ukuthi abanye{2}}ushukela we-molecule ngamafuphi{3}}i-chain inulin maningi amathuba okuthi baveze amaqembu e-hydroxyl mahhala futhi benze i-intermolecular chain i-inulin, kuyilapho i-hydrogen ngokunokwenzeka ibe ne-inulin ende isibopho se-intramolecular ngenxa yobude beketanga.
04Iziphuzo
I-Inulin iyancibilika emanzini futhi izinzile uma ishisa lapho isixazululo se-pH singaphezu kuka-4, ngakho-ke singasetshenziswa kabanzi eziphuzweni ezihlukahlukene. I-Inulin kuziphuzo zejusi yezithelo, iziphuzo ezisebenzayo, iziphuzo zezemidlalo, iziphuzo eziqinile, iziphuzo zamaprotheni zemifino neminye imikhiqizo, ngaphezu kokufaka amafutha noshukela, ithuthukisa amandla okubopha amanzi emikhiqizo futhi ikhulise i-viscosity, kodwa futhi inganikeza imikhiqizo okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fiber yokudla, ithuthukise izinga lokumuncwa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium, insimbi namanye amaminerali (gt; amaphesenti angu-20), ifihla umunyu wayo.
I-Inulin wanezela ingandisa isiphuzo ukungaguquguquki, ukuxazulula izinkinga zemifino amaprotheni isiphuzo ukunambitheka mncane, wenze ukhilimu umuzwa kunamandla futhi unikeze umuntu umuzwa ethambile, wenze isiphuzo ukunambitheka kakhudlwana kakhudlwana, izinga material ungcono, inulin ukukhuthaza calcium ukumuncwa izinga lingafinyelela 70%, Ngakho aqukethe inulin isiphuzo hhayi kuphela has umsebenzi prebiotics, futhi ingakhuthaza ukukhula futhi uvimbele i-osteoporosis. I-Inulin engezwe esiphuzweni yandisa kakhulu i-peristalsis yamathumbu kubantu asebekhulile, ikhulisa isibalo sokunyakaza kwamathumbu ngamaphesenti angu-13.
05Abanye
Ukwengeza i-inulin emikhiqizweni kabhontshisi wesoya kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zejeli nokuthungwa kwayo. I-Inulin ingakhuphula i-viscoelasticity kanye ne-gelatability ye-tofu ethambile, okungenzeka ihlotshaniswe namandla okubamba amanzi kanye nokugeleza kwe-inulin. I-Inulin ingasetshenziswa njenge-antioxidant yemvelo embonini kawoyela.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-inulin inomphumela othize we-antioxidant kuwoyela we-rapeseed, futhi inomphumela we-synergistic ne-VC ne-citric acid. Kushokoledi, i-inulin ingathuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuthungwa, yandise ubumhlophe futhi yandise impilo yeshalofu. -ushokoledi wamahhala owenziwe nge-inulin esikhundleni se-sucrose unokubonakala okungcono, ubulukhuni nombala.
Ujeli one-inulin wawufana kakhulu ekuthunjweni, ukunambitheka kangcono, futhi unomsoco futhi unempilo. Idigri ye-Browning entsha-yesithelo esisikiwe yehliswa ngemva kokumbozwa nge-inulin, nempilo yeshalofu, izakhiwo zokukhanda kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi komkhiqizo kwathuthukiswa.
06Isifinyezo
Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nobubanzi be-inulin enezinga elihlukile le-polymerization. Izinga le-polymerization lingathinta ukunyibilika kwe-inulin, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukunwetshwa, ukumuncwa, ikristalu, i-gelling, ukuthungwa nokuzinza kokucubungula ukudla. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izinzuzo nemikhawulo ye-inulin ngezinga elihlukile le-polymerization ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zokudla. Isibonelo, i-inulin ye-chain ende ilungele ukushintsha amafutha, ukujiya kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuthungwa, kuyilapho i-inulin yeketango elifushane ifaneleka kakhulu iziphuzo nama-dessert eqandisiwe.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-inulin namanye ama-molecule ohlelweni lokudla njengamaprotheni, isitashi, amafutha namanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukungezwa kwe-inulin kuzoshintsha uhlelo lokuqala lokudla ekusebenzisaneni kwamangqamuzana, njenge-inulin kungathinta ukufuduka komswakama okuhlukile, kwenze buthaka noma kuqinise ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic yesitashi, kuvimbele noma kukhuthaze izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuguga kwesitashi kanye nekristalu, shintsha izakhiwo ze-emulsifying zamaprotheni, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana, ukucubungula kanye nezici zokugcinwa kokudla kuzothinta ukunambitheka kwayo, njll. izinga lezinzwa.
