Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezinhlanu ezijwayelekile zokuthola izingcaphuno zezitshalo: I-High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); I-Ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV); I-chromatography yongqimba oluncane (TLC); I-chromatography yegesi (GC); I-Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
1. I-HPLC
I-HPLC isebenzisa uketshezi njengesigaba esihambayo, isebenzisa-isistimu yokufaka ingcindezi ephezulu, iphampa isigaba seselula njengesinyibilikisi esisodwa esine-polarity ehlukile noma isinyibilikisi esixutshiwe esinengxenye ehlukile, uketshezi lwe-buffer, njll. kukholomu ye-chromatographic enesigaba esigxilile, ngemva kokuba zonke izingxenye zekholomu zihlukanisiwe, zingena kumtshina ukuze zihlolwe, ukuze kubonwe ukuhlaziywa kwesampula. Le ndlela isibe ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, imithi, izimboni, ezolimo, ukuhlolwa kwempahla kanye nokuhlolwa kwezomthetho.
2. UV
Indlela yokuthola i-UV isetshenziswa kabanzi ekunqumeni ikhwalithi nenani lezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili, esebenzisa ukumuncwa kwamangqamuzana kwezinye izinto endaweni ye-spectral engu-10 ~ 800nm ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kunqunywe. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zokuzwela okuphezulu, ukunemba okuhle, ukusebenza okulula kanye nesivinini sokuhlaziya.
I-spectrum yokumuncwa kwe-UV yento ngokuyisisekelo iyizici ze-chromophore ne-chromophore, hhayi i-molecule yonke.
3. I-TLC
Isigaba esifanelekile sokumisa simbozwa epuletini lengilazi, epulasitiki noma e-aluminium substrate ukuze kwakheke ungqimba oluncane olufana noluncane. Ngemva kokuthatha isampula nokuthuthukiswa, qhathanisa inani elithile le-shift (RF) lechromatogram etholwe ngendlela efanayo nesilawuli esifanele ngokuvumelana nenani elithile le-shift (RF) lokuhlonza izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kokungcola noma ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe. I-Chromatography yongqimba oluncane iyindlela yokuhlola ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlukanisa ngokushesha nokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yenani elincane lezinto.
4. GC
I-chromatography isebenzisa igesi njengesigaba seselula.
5. AAS
I-AAS iyindlela yokuhlaziya esekelwe ekushubeni kokumuncwa kwama-electron angaphandle ama-athomu ezwe eliphansi endaweni yegesi kuya emigqeni yemisebe ye-atomic resonance resonance ebangeni le-ultraviolet nokukhanya okubonakalayo, okusebenza kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwezingxenye zokulandelela nokulandela umkhondo kumasampuli.
I-HPLC ne-UV yizindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlonza ezikhishwe ezitshalweni ezijwayelekile. I-TLC isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kokukhishwa kwengxenye, i-GC isetshenziselwa ukutholwa koketshezi olushintshashintshayo noma uwoyela, futhi i-AAS isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezikhishwe.
