Uma uthola imibala yemvelo -ube powder, ukukhishwa kwe-elderberry, i-blackberry powder, nanoma yisiphi isithako se-anthocyanin-esicebile - "onsomi" akuyona into ecacisiwe. Amaqoqo amabili angabukeka ansomi ngaphansi kwesibani sedeski futhi ahluke ngokusobala emkhiqizweni wakho osuphelile. Yingakho abathengi abangochwepheshe befunda umbala ngendlela amalebhu wekhwalithi awukala ngayo: njengezinombolo ezinamathiselwe endleleni. Lo mhlahlandlela uhamba ngezilimi ezintathu zokulinganisa ezisetshenziswa ekucacisweni kombala wemvelo, ukuthi zifundwa kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyibuze umphakeli ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele ohlelweni lwenqwaba.
"Okunsomi" Akuyona Incazelo
Ukubona umbala womuntu kuncike emthonjeni wokukhanya, isibukeli, nombala ozungezile. Impushana efanayo ethwetshulwe esikrinini sefoni izobukeka ihlukile kumpushana ofanayo obukwa ngaphansi kwesibani semini i-D65. Lena akuyona inkinga yekhwalithi - inkinga yokulinganisa.
Izikhala ze-anthocyanin ezingemuva kwemibala eminingi yezitshalo ezinsomi nezibomvu nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokwemvelo. Ukushintsha kokuqukethwe nomthunzi ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, indawo ekhulayo, isikhathi sokuvuna, ukucubungula, nokugcinwa [1]. Umphakeli ophethe lokhu kuhluka ngesilinganiso esibhaliwe - hhayi ngegama elithi "sihlola ngokubona" - umhlinzeki ongabikezela ngaye.
Ukucaciswa kombala okusebenzisekayo kunezingxenye ezintathu:inombolo, indlela yokulinganisa, kanye neyunithi. Noma yikuphi kokuthathu okungekho, futhi awusenayo i-spec; unombono.
Izilimi Zokulinganisa Ezintathu Ezinqumweni Zezithako
Izithako zombala wemvelo zichazwa ngezindlela ezintathu, ngokuvamile ephepheni elifanayo ledatha. Ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi ulimi olufundayo kuvimbela ukungafani okumba eqolo.
| Ulimi | Lokho elikukalayo | Lapho ubona khona | Amandla / umkhawulo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incazelo ebonakalayo | Ukubukeka kwekhwalithi | "Ukukhanya okuphakathi nendawo oku-purple fine powder" (ube powder) | Ilungele{0}}izimpushana zokudla; ayiphindaphindeki kuwo wonke amasayithi noma amaqoqo |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Spectrophotometric | Okuqukethwe kwe-pigment ngokumunca ukukhanya | "I-Anthocyanins Inkulu noma ilingana no-25% (UV-VIS)" (i-elderberry extract); "Assay: izithelo powder (TLC)" (i-blackberry) | Inani eliningi futhi elifundekayo; izimo zendlela kufanele zishiwo |
| I-colorimetry yezinsimbi | Ukuma kombala esikhaleni se-CIELAB (L*, a*, b*) | "L* 32.5, a* 12.1, b* −3.2" ku-CoA noma kumashidi okuthuthukisa | Inhloso, inika amandla ukuqhathaniswa kwenqwaba ye-ΔE; idinga amathuluzi alinganisiwe |
Umsebenzi wakamuva womkhakha wokudla-uqinisekisa ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu ekhwalithi akudala ephikisana ngawo: ukulinganisa okusekelwe kunsimbi{1}kuphindaphindeka kakhulu kunokuhlola okubukwayo, yingakho ama-colorimeter nama-spectrophotometers esezingeni ekucutshungulweni kanye nemigqa ye-QC [2].
Ukufunda I-Special Color: Izinombolo, Izindlela kanye namayunithi
Thatha umugqa njengokuthi "I-Anthocyanins Enkulu noma elingana no-25% (UV-VIS)". Imibuzo emithathu ikwenza kusebenzeke:
Yini ngempela elinganiswayo?Ukufundwa kokumunca kwe-UV{{0}I-VIS kubude obucacisiwe be-wavelength ilinganisela ukugxiliswa kwe-pigment. Izindlela ziyahlukahluka ngokucaciswa: ukufunda okumunca okulula kulinganisa yonke into emunca kuleyo wavelength, kuyilapho izindlela ezihlukile noma ze-chromatographic zihlukanisa ama-anthocyanins kuma-compounds aphazamisayo [3, 4].
Ngaziphi izimo?I-Anthocyanin spectra shift ene-pH ne-solvent. Ukukhishwa okufanayo kukalwa ku-acidified solvent futhi emanzini angathathi hlangothi kuzobuyisela izinombolo ezihlukene. Indlela kufanele ilungise i-pH, i-solvent, i-wavelength, nobude bendlela.
Isho ukuthini inombolo ngomphumela wami wombala?Okuqukethwe kwe-pigment ephezulu akufani nomthunzi ozinzile. Okuqukethwe kukutshela ukuthi singakanani umbala okhona; i-colorimetry ikutshela ukuthi umbala uvela kanjani ngempela - kokubili kungokwakho ekuhloleni kwakho.
Ngokuphelele-izimpushana zokudla ezifana ne-be, ngokuvamile uzobona kuphela incazelo ebonakalayo kanye namapharamitha aphathekayo (umswakama, usayizi wemeshi). Lokho kuyasebenziseka, kodwa kusho ukuthi umbala weqoqo kufanele ulawulwe ngamasampula ayizethenjwa agciniwe kanye nezimo zokubuka ezilinganiselwe - okuyiphuzu okufanele liphakanyiswe kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komhlinzeki.
Kungani Indlela Iyingxenye Yokucaciswa
Isithako esifanayo singakhiqiza izinombolo "zokuhlola" ezihluke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezindlela ezahlukene. Ukulinganisa kwe-Anthocyanin kuyisibonelo esihle: ukulinganisa kwe-UV eqondile-Isilinganiso se-VIS kubukhulu obubonakalayo siyashesha kodwa asikhethi kancane, kuyilapho izindlela ezihlukile ze-pH-ezisekelwe ku-LC{3}}zixazulula ama-anthocyanins emikhiqizweni yokuwohloka kanye{4}}nama-phenolic akhishiwe [3, 4]. Ayikho indlela "engalungile" - kodwa imiphumela evela kokubili ayishintsheki.
Lokhu kunomphumela osebenzayo wabathengi:uma uqhathanisa izingcaphuno, qhathanisa izindlela kuqala.Uma Umhlinzeki A eqinisekisa i-anthocyanins nge-UV-i-VIS kanye Nomhlinzeki B ngendlela ehlukile, umugqa ongu-25% vs. 20% awukona ngempela igebe lekhwalithi - kungase kube igebe lendlela. Buza umphakeli ngamunye ngereferensi yendlela okuyiyonayona (indlela ye-compendium, ubude begagasi, i-solvent, ukubala) futhi uyibeke esimisweni sokuthenga.
Ukungaguquguquki Kweqoqo: Ukubekezelelana, i-ΔE namasampuli Agciniwe
Izingulube zemvelo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kokuvuna; umbuzo uwukuthi umphakeli ukulawula ngokuqinile kangakanani lokho kuhluka. Izinqubo ezintathu zehlukanisa abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe kubahwebi:
- -ukubekezelelana kombala wendlu.Umphakeli osetha umkhawulo wangaphakathi we-ΔE phakathi kwamaqoqo ulawula umbala njengokucaciswa. ΔE, isamba somehluko wombala phakathi kwamasampuli amabili esikhaleni se-CIELAB, indlela evamile yokuveza ukuthi "kuqhelelene kangakanani" amaqoqo amabili; amafomula esimanje anjenge-CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) athuthukiswa ukuze aqondanise kangcono nombono womuntu [2].
- Amarekhodi ezinombolo ze-CoA.Isitifiketi esithi "kuyavumelana" kuphela siwubufakazi obubuthakathaka. Buza amanani angempela - okuqukethwe kwe-pigment, L* a* b* lapho kusebenza khona - kumaqoqwana ambalwa okugcina, futhi uzobona ukusabalala kwangempela.
- Amasampuli agciniwe nedatha efakwe kungobo yomlando.Amasampuli ayizethenjwa agcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo avumela izingxabano ukuthi zixazululwe ngesilinganiso esikhundleni senkumbulo.
Amazinga okubekezelela ayavunyelwana phakathi komthengi nomphakeli futhi ancike esicelweni sakho: ukubekezelelana okungabonakali ekugcwalisweni kwekhukhi kungase kubonakale esiphuzweni esishintshashintshayo. Buza ukuthi kuyini ukubekezelela kwangaphakathi komnikezeli, ukuthi kukalwa kanjani, nokuthi amarekhodi eqoqo akamuva ayakusekela yini.
Izinsimbi zibalulekile njengokubekezelela.I-colorimeter ibuyisela amanani e-tristimulus (L* a* b*) asheshayo futhi alula - anele ukuhlola ukuthi inqwaba ihlala ngaphakathi kwewindi okuvunyelwene ngalo. I-spectrophotometer ikala ukubukeka kwayo yonke i-spectrum futhi ingasekela ngokungeziwe umsebenzi wokuqukethwe kwe-pigment-, yingakho abahlinzeki bokukhishwa okujwayelekile ngokuvamile babhanqa i-colorimetry ne-UV{3}}i-VIS assays [2, 3]. Uma uhlola umphakeli, buza ukuthi iyiphi imodeli yensimbi abayisebenzisayo, ilinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi ubani owenza isilinganiso - sokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi kuwumthombo ovamile wokukhukhuleka phakathi kombala wenqwaba ofunwayo kanye nowangempela. Kweyakho i-QC engenayo, isinqamuleli esisebenzayo silula: cela izinombolo ze-CoA zamaqoqo amathathu akamuva, kala amasampula agciniwe ngethuluzi lakho ngaphansi kwezimo okuvunyelwene ngazo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kokubili kuhlala ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okusethile.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Amaphuzu Ayisithupha{{0}Ombala-Ukuthola Okubalulekile
- Dinga indlela ngayo yonke inombolo.Inani le-assay ngaphandle kwendlela, ubude begagasi, neyunithi aliqiniseki.
- Cela amarekhodi ezinombolo ze-CoA, hhayi nje izitatimende "ezivumelanayo" - ne-pigment assay futhi, lapho itholakala, idatha ye-colorimetric yamaqoqo okugcina angu-3–5.
- Yazi ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho ukuluphi ulimi.Impushana-yonke yokudla (izinto ezibonakalayo + ezibonakalayo) idinga amasampula agciniwe; i-standardized assay (quantitative assay) idinga indlela esobala.
- Hlola okulindelwe ukuzinza.I-Anthocyanins iyancipha ngaphansi kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya-mpilo, nezimo ezithile ze-pH [1]; qinisekisa isitoreji esinconyiwe kanye neshelufu elilindelekile{1}}ukuziphatha kombala wempilo yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
- Qhathanisa amaqoqo amabili noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokugunyaza.Isampula elilodwa lifakazela ukuthi umphakeli angenza isampula; amaqoqo amabili afakazela ukuthi angakwazi ukuyiphinda.
- Lungisa izimo zokulinganisa ze-QC engenayo.Uma uzoqinisekisa umbala kusayithi lakho, vumelana kusenesikhathi ngendlela, uhlobo lwensimbi, nezimo zokubuka.
Ukubhalwa Kombala e-Wellgreen
Izitifiketi ze-Wellgreen zokuhlaziya zisho indlela engemuva kwenombolo. Izibonelo ezimbili ezivela kuphothifoliyo yethu yombala:ukukhishwa kwe-elderberryigunyazwe i-anthocyanins kokuthi Okukhulu noma okulingana no-25% nge-UV-VIS, ngamaleveli esicaciso enziwe ngokwezifiso (15–40%) atholakalayo;i-blackberry izithelo powderiqinisekiswa yi-TLC futhi inikezwe imininingwane ebonakalayo nengokwenyama;ube powder-iyimpushana yokudla ephelele ehlelwa ngokubukeka nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, futhi sizoxoxa ngomphumela wakho wombala ohlosiwe ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.
Uma uhlola isithako sombala wemvelo, cela isampula yamahhala neshidi lalo lezinto ezibekiwe kanye ne-CoA - futhi uma ufuna, sizothumela amarekhodi asuka kunqwaba engaphezu kweyodwa ukuze ubone ukusabalala kwethu kwangempela.
Cela amasampula namadokhumenti: liu@wellgreenxa.com- noma sebenzisa ifomu lombuzo kuleli khasi. Sitshele uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza futhi uqondise umphumela wombala.
FAQ
Kungani abahlinzeki ababili bebhala izinombolo ezihlukene ze-anthocyanin ukuze kukhishwe "okufanayo"?Ngokuvamile indlela iyahluka (i-UV eqondile-i-VIS iqhathaniswa nomehluko uma iqhathaniswa ne-chromatographic), hhayi ikhwalithi kuphela. Qhathanisa izindlela nezimo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izinombolo [3, 4].
Iyiphi i-ΔE eyamukelekayo phakathi kwamaqoqo?Ayikho i-universal pass/fail value - ukubekezelelana kufanele kuhambisane nesicelo futhi kuvunyelwene nomphakeli. Okubalulekile ukuthi umphakeli unokubekezelela kwangaphakathi, ukukala ngamathuluzi alinganisiwe, futhi wabelane ngamarekhodi eqoqo [2].
Ingabe i-CoA ethi kuphela "iyavumelana" ngokwanele?Hhayi ezezinhlelo-ezibalulekile zombala. Cela imiphumela yangempela yezinombolo (i-pigment assay, nedatha ye-colorimetric lapho kufanele) yamaqoqo akamuva.
Kuphathwa kanjani ukungaguquguquki kombala -kumpushana wokudla njenge-bebe?Ngamasampuli ayizethenjwa agciniwe, izimo zokubuka ezisezingeni, kanye nemininingwane ebonakalayo. Uma udinga amaleveli e-pigment aqinisekisiwe, ifomethi yokukhipha esezingeni ingase ilingane kangcono kunempushana yonke.
Kungani i-pH ishintsha umbala we-anthocyanin emkhiqizweni wami?Ama-anthocyanins ayazwela i-pH-: umbala ofanayo uyashintsha phakathi kokubomvu, okunsomi, nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengoba i-pH ihamba [1]. Lokhu ukucatshangelwa kokwakhiwa, hhayi iphutha - qinisekisa umthunzi ku-pH eqondiwe yomkhiqizo wakho.
Izithenjwa
- Enaru, B.; Drețcanu, G.; I-Pop, TD; Stǎnilǎ, A.; I-Diaconeasa, Z. Anthocyanins: Izinto Ezithinta Ukuzinza Nokuwohloka Kwazo.Ama-Antioxidants (i-Basel)2021, 10(12), 1967. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121967. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8750456/
- Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokulinganisa Umbala Embonini Yokudla.Izinqubo2025, 13(5), 1268. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/5/1268
- Saha, S.; Singh, J.; UPawulu, A.; et al. Iphrofayela ye-Anthocyanin isebenzisa i-UV-I-Vis Spectroscopy kanye ne-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.J. AOAC Int.2020, 103(1), 23–39. I-DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.19-0201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31462350/
- Srivichai, S.; et al. Ukwenza iphrofayela ku-Anthocyanins ku-Thai Purple Yams (Dioscorea alata L.).Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yesayensi Yokudla2020, 2020, 1594291. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7368940/
