Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Carnosic acid sekubaluleke kakhulu kubakhiqizi bokudla nabanomsoco abafuna{0}}ilebula izixazululo ze-antioxidant zamafutha namafutha. Njengoba amabhrendi asuka kuzinzinzisi zokwenziwa, i-rosemary antioxidant extract isebenzisa{2}}ikakhulukazi ngendlela{3}}yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.i-carnosic acid powder-manje asemaphakathi namasu okwakhiwa kabusha komkhiqizo. Ithathwa njengeshelufu lemvelo elinokwethenjelwa{2}}le-life extender, i-carnosic acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi, ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-lipid, nokusekela ukubonakala kwelebula kuzo zonke izigaba zemikhiqizo eminingi.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono wezobuchwepheshe, we-R&D-ogxile wokuthi i-carnosic acid yokucubungula ukudla ithuthukisa kanjani ukuzinza kuwo wonke amafutha, uwoyela, inyama, ukudla okulula, izinongo, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomsoco. Kuhlanganisa izinhlaka zohlelo lokusebenza, ukucatshangelwa kokucubungula, namaphoyinti edatha angukhiye kusuka{2}}ocwaningweni olubuyekeziwe kontanga ukuze kusekelwe ukwenziwa kwesinqumo{3}}.
1. Kungani I-Carnosic Acid Iba Ihlanzekile Okuthandwayo{1}}Ishelufu Lelebula{2}}Ithuluzi Lokuphila
1.1 Umfutho wemakethe obheke kuma-antioxidants emvelo
Imikhiqizo yokudla nesengezo iyaqhubeka nokusheshisa ukushintshwa kwayo kwama-antioxidants okwenziwa njenge-BHA, BHT, ne-TBHQ. Ziningana izici ezinomthelela kulolu shintsho:
- Okuncanyelwayo ngabathengi-kwezithako zelebula ezihlanzekile
- Izibopho{0}}zezinga lomkhiqizo kumasistimu okulondoloza imvelo
- Izingcindezi ezilawulayo ezimakethe ezithile zivuna{0}}izinza ezitholakala esitshalweni
- Isidingo sokukhishwa kwezitshalo okusebenzayo okunezinzuzo zombili ze-antioxidant nezinzwa
I-Carnosic acid, etholakala ngokuyinhloko ku-rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), inikeza amandla aphezulu okulwa ne-antioxidant ngenkathi igcina iphrofayili yesithako semvelo, iyenze ibe ukukhetha okuphambili.
1.2 Izinselele zokuzinza ekwenziweni kwesimanjemanje
Kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokudla, i-oxidation isalokhu ingenye yezinsongo zekhwalithi ezibiza kakhulu.
Ubuso babakhiqizi:
- I-Rancidity emafutheni
- Ukuwohloka kwe-pigment enyameni
- Kuvaliwe-izinambitheka ku-extrusion kanye nezinqubo zokuthosa
- Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative emisebenzini ye-nutraceutical
Ukusebenza kwe-Carnosic acid ekubambezeleni kokubili i-oxidation eyinhloko neyesibili-ehlanganiswe nokuhambisana kwayo kuwo wonke ama-matrices asekelwe kuwoyela-kuyibeka njengesixazululo samasu.
2. Izicelo Kuzo zonke Izigaba Zokudla Okubalulekile Nezomsoco
2.1 Amafutha & Amafutha: Ukulawula I-Acid Value kanye Nokuvimbela Ukuwohloka Kokunambitheka
I-Lipid oxidation ihlasela kakhulu kumasistimu anothile kawoyela-. I-Carnosic acid inikeza umugqa wokuqala oqinile wokuvikela.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zamafutha namafutha:
- Ukubambezeleka kwenani le-peroxide (PV) liyakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokugcina
- Yehlisa ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yesibili ye-oxidation (isb, aldehydes, ketones)
- Isiza ukugcina inani le-asidi lizinzile
- Yehlisa ababayo-amanothi avamile emafutheni ashisisa ngokuphindaphindiwe
Idatha esekelayo
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuI-Chemistry Yokudlakubonise ukuthi i-rosemary phenolic diterpenes-ikakhulukazi i-carnosic acid{1}}yehlise ngokuphawulekayo amazinga e-oxidation kuwoyela kabhekilanga ngesikhathi sokugcinwa okusheshisiwe, okuholela ekwehleni kwamanani e-PV nawe-TBARS uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha angalashiwe. (Aruoma et al.,I-Chemistry Yokudla, 1996)
Sebenzisa amacala
- Amafutha emifino okufaka amabhodlela
- Amafutha okuthosa okudla okulula
- Izigaba zamafutha zokugqoka namasoso
- Amafutha ane-flavour and oil{0}based seasonings
2.2 Inyama Nenkukhu: Umbala, I-Flavour, kanye Nokulawulwa Kwe-Oxidation
I-oxidation ithinta kokubili izimfanelo zezinzwa nokuphepha komkhiqizo ezinhlelweni zenyama.
Ukusebenza kwenyama nezinkukhu:
- Ivikela ukuqina kwe-myoglobin, isekela ukugcinwa kobomvu
- Yehlisa ukwakheka kwe-hexanal namanye ama-rancid compounds
- Isekela ukulondolozwa kokunambitheka ngesikhathi sokugcina
- Yehlisa ingcindezi ye-oxidative phakathi nokucubungula okushisayo
Idatha esekelayo
Intanga-ibuyekeze ucwaningo kuloIsayensi Yenyamaibike ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-rosemary okunothiswe ku-carnosic acid kuvimbele i-lipid oxidation kuma-patties engulube ephekiwe, okubangele amanani aphansi kakhulu e-TBARS kanye nemiphumela yezinzwa ethuthukisiwe phakathi nokugcinwa okubandayo. (Brewer,Isayensi Yenyama, 2011)
Amafomethi ohlelo
- Ukwakhiwa kwenyama ephansi
- Imikhiqizo yenyama ephekiwe
- Izinkukhu marinades
- I-RTE (ilungele-ukudla-inyama yokudla okulula
2.3 Ukudla okulula, Ibhikawozi, nezinongo
Imikhiqizo equkethe uwoyela{0}}izingxenye ezinamekiwe noma izinhlanganisela ze-flavour ezizwelayo zizuza kakhulu ku-carnosic acid.
Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe:
- Igcina ukuqina kukawoyela kumasnakhi akhishiwe nokuthosiwe
- Ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-oxidative yamafutha ebhikawozi phakathi{0}}nokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu
- Inikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlangene lapho kuhlanganiswe nezingxube zezinongo (isb., i-paprika, i-chili, izimpushana zikagalikhi)
- Yehlisa ukufiphala kombala kuzimpushana zesinongo eziqukethe ama-oleoresins
Izibonelo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza
- Ama-snacks akhukhumele agcotshwe ngamafutha
- Amaphakethe esinongo esisheshayo se-noodle
- Ukugcwaliswa kwebhikawozi kanye nama-premix
- Amantongomane anongwe nembewu egazingiwe
2.4 Ama-Nutraceuticals kanye Nezithasiselo Zokudla
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kokudla, i-carnosic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-nutraceutical.
Izindima emikhiqizweni engeziwe:
- Ivikela amafutha e-omega nezithako ezisebenzayo ze-botanical ekuwohlokeni kwe-oxidative
- Isekela ukuzinza kwama-softgels, ukumiswa kukawoyela, nama-powder blends
- Isebenza njenge-antioxidant yemvelo ye-encapsulated plant actives
Amacala ohlelo lokusebenza ajwayelekile
- Ama-herbal extracts athambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation
- Izingxube-ezisekelwe kuwoyela
- Izimpushana zomsoco wezemidlalo ezine-lipid-eziqukethe izinto ezisebenzayo
- Amaphilisi namaphilisi adinga ukuvikelwa kwe-oxidative
3. Isiqondiso Sokufaka Isicelo Se-R&D kanye Namaqembu Okwakha
Ukuzuza ukusebenza kahle kuncike ekukhetheni ifomu elilungile kanye nokuhlanganisa isithako ngendlela efanele enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
3.1 Uhlobo Lokuncibilika: Amafutha{1}}ancibilikayo vs. Amanzi{3}}ahlakazeka
- Amafutha-impushana ye-carnosic acid encibilikayo
Kuhle kakhulu kumafutha amsulwa, izigaba zikawoyela, ama-emulsions, nezinhlelo zenyama
- Amanzi-amafomu ahlakazekayo noma ama-microencapsulated
Ifanele izinhlelo zesiphuzo, ama-marinades, izimpushana zesinongo, nezingxube ezomile
3.2 Amasu Okukhethwa Kwenkampani Yenethiwekhi kanye Nokusabalalisa
Ukuthuthukisa ukufana nokuhambisana:
- Hlanganisa ne-propylene glycol, i-ethanol, noma amafutha emifino lapho uhlose ukuhlakazeka okuthuthukisiwe.
- Sebenzisa abathwali abafana ne-polarity yesistimu ye-lipid
- Sebenzisa{0}}izindlela zokuhlanganisa kusengaphambili zezimpushana ezimiselwe amafutha ebhikawozi noma amafutha e-extrusion
3.3 Ukushisa-Ukucubungula Okucatshangwayo
I-Carnosic acid ikhombisa ukushiseka okuhle kakhulu, kodwa amaqembu e-R&D kufanele acabangele:
- Ukwengeza i-carnosic acid ekuqaleni kwesigaba sikawoyela kungasiza ukuvikela ama-lipids ngesikhathi sokushisa
- Gwema ukuchayeka{0}}kumazinga okushisa aphezulu isikhathi eside ngale kwezinyathelo zokucubungula ezidingekayo
- Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant nge-PV, AV, ne-TOTOX izilinganiso zokuthunyelwe-zokucubungula
3.4 Ukumatanisa Amandla E-Antioxidant Nohlelo Lwamafutha
Amafutha ahlukene abonisa ukuzwela okuhlukene:
- Amafutha{0}e-PUFA aphezulu adinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-antioxidant
- Amafutha aqukethe izinongo noma ama-colorants angase abonise imiphumela ye-synergistic
- Amafutha ahlanganisiwe angase adinge izilinganiso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-antioxidant
4. Izifundo zokuzinza kanye{1}nobufakazi bangempela bomhlaba
Izifundo eziningi-ezibuyekeziwe ontanga zisekela ukusebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-carnosic acid njengesinqamuleli semvelo.
4.1 Ukunciphisa i-lipid oxidation emafutheni emifino
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuIjenali ye-American Oil Chemists' Societykubonise ukuthi i-rosemary-ithole i-carnosic acid ilibazise i-oxidation kuwoyela wesoya ngempumelelo kakhulu kune-tocopherol ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okusheshisiwe. (UFrankel et al., JAOCS, 1996)
4.2 Ukuziphatha kwe-Antioxidant kuma-emulsions
Isifundo kuI-Chemistry Yokudlaithole ukuthi i-carnosic acid yehlisa ukunqwabelana kwe-hydroperoxide kuma-emulsions kawoyela-amanzi, iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumasoso, okokugqoka, namafutha e-flavour. (UZhang et al.,I-Chemistry Yokudla, 2010)
4.3 Ukulondolozwa kombala ne-flavour emikhiqizweni yenyama
Idatha evelaIsayensi Yenyamakubonise ukuthi okukhishwe kwe-rosemary kucindezela ukwakheka kwe-metmyoglobin kanye ne-lipid peroxidation, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokuqina kombala wenyama. (Sebranek et al.,Isayensi Yenyama, 2005)
Okubalulekile okuthathwe ezincwadini
- I-Carnosic acid isebenza kakhulu emafutheni anothile e-PUFA-
- Inikeza ukuvikeleka okukabili: i-oxidation eyinhloko (i-peroxides) kanye ne-oxidation yesibili (aldehydes, volatiles)
- Ibonisa imiphumela ye-synergistic uma ihlanganiswe ne-tocopherol noma i-spice polyphenols
- Isebenza kuzo zonke izimo zokugcina ezishisayo nezibandayo
5. Izilinganiso Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Yemikhiqizo Eqediwe
Abakhiqizi abathembele ku-carnosic acid kufanele baqinisekise ukuzinza besebenzisa{0}}omaka be-QC abajwayelekile bemboni.
5.1 Umbala
- Linganisa ukuwohloka kombala kumafutha, izinongo, nezinhlelo zenyama
- Gada i-pigment oxidation usebenzisa idatha ye-spectrophotometric
5.2 Omaka Oxidative
Amapharamitha angukhiye afaka:
- Inani le-Peroxide (PV)- inkomba ye-oxidation eyinhloko
- Inani le-Anisidine (AV)- inkomba ye-oxidation yesibili
- Inani le-TOTOX=(2 × PV) + AV- inkomba ehlanganisiwe yesimo sonke se-oxidative
- TBARSokwenyama kanye-nemikhiqizo enothile nge-lipid
5.3 Ukuhlola Izinzwa
Ukuzinza kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuthi:
- Amagoli e-Rancidity
- Iphrofayili ye-aroma
- Ukuhlolwa kwephaneli ye-texture ne-flavour
- Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo oshisayo wokubhaka nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthosa
6. Amathuba Ekusunguleni Okuhlanzekile-Kulebula Nokuqanjwa Okusha Kokudla Okusebenzayo
I-Carnosic acid inika amandla amaqembu e-R&D ukuthi adizayine imikhiqizo ehlanzekile,{0}esebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuzinza.
6.1 Hlanza{1}lebula{1}}izinongo ezakhiwe
Abahlinzeki bezinongo bangasebenzisa i-carnosic acid ukuzinzisa izingxube zezinongo kanye -nowoyela osuselwe ku-flavour powders ngaphandle kokuthembela kuma-antioxidant okwenziwa.
6.2 Amasistimu wenyama{1}esekelwe ezitshalweni
Uma kubhekwa ukuzwela kwe-oxidation kwamafutha-ezitshalo (soy, canola, sunflower), i-carnosic acid isekela:
- Ukugcina umbala
- Ukuqina kwe-flavour
- Ukwehliswa kwe-oxidation ngesikhathi sokukhishwa
6.3 Izindlela ezintsha ezisebenzayo zokudla okulula nokudla kwezemidlalo
Ukuthuthukiswa okusha kufaka phakathi:
- {0}}Ukudla okulula kwamaprotheni kuzinzile ngokumelene ne-lipid oxidation
- Izimpushana zezemidlalo eziqukethe amafutha e-omega
- Izinto zebhikawozi ezisebenzayo ezinezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo
6.4 Amafutha adliwayo aphambili kanye nemikhiqizo ye-gourmet
I-Carnosic acid ingakhuphula:
- Amafutha{0}acindezelwe abandayo
- Amafutha e-gourmet afakwe
- Amafutha akhethekile asetshenziswa ebhikawozi noma e-confectionery
Isiphetho
I-Carnosic acid powder isiphenduke inhlobonhlobo futhi isebenza kahle kakhuluishalofu lemvelo{0}}isandiso sempiloyokukhiqiza ukudla kwesimanje kanye ne-nutraceutical. Irekhodi layo eliqinile kuizixazululo ze-antioxidant zamafutha namafutha, kuhlanganiswe nokuqondanisa kwakho -okulindelwe ilebula ehlanzekile, kuyenza ithuluzi elibalulekile lamaqembu e-R&D. Kuwo wonke amafutha, inyama, ukudla okulula, izinongo kanye nezithako zokudla,ukusetshenziswa kwe-carnosic acidinikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile kwe-oxidative kuyilapho isekela{0}}ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ogxilisiwe wemvelo.
