1. Ukwakheka kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo kwephrotheni ye-algae ebomvu
Inani lamaprotheni ku-algae obomvu lincike ezinhlobonhlobo nezici zemvelo ezifana nenkathi, izinga lokushisa nokukhanya. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni olwelwe olubomvu kusuka ku-2.7% kuya ku-47.0% (isisindo esomile). Ingqikithi yendlela yokulinganisa i-amino acid iyindlela enembe kakhulu kuze kube manje. Amaprotheni amaningi olwelwe olubomvu abhekwa njengemithombo emihle yamaprotheni ngoba anikeza amazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid abalulekile futhi aqukethe amazinga aphezulu esulfure-aqukethe ama-amino acid (i-methionine ne-cysteine). Okwesibili, ama-amino acid ane-acidic (i-glutamic acid ne-aspartic acid) anomthelela omkhulu ekunambithekeni okuyingqayizivele kwe-umami yokhula lwasolwandle.
Ngaphandle kokwakheka kwe-amino acid, ukugaywa kwamaprotheni kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yokuhlola ikhwalithi yamaprotheni, futhi kungabonisa i-bioavailability yamaprotheni. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaprotheni ezitshalo zasemhlabeni, ukugaywa kwe-in vitro kwamaprotheni ama-algal abomvu ku-genus Laporphyra kusuka ku-69.4 kuya ku-78.5%. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezingxenye{4}ezingezona amaprotheni, ukwelapha kusengaphambili kungathuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla amaprotheni.
2. Izakhiwo ze-Physicochemical of amaprotheni olwelwe olubomvu
Iningi lamaprotheni e-algae abomvu abonwa ngamabhande ahlukene eduze kwe-15, 20, 40, kanye ne-56kDa nge-electrophoresis. Amaphuzu e-isoelectric ezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-algae ebomvu ayesukela ku-2.0 kuya ku-4.5. Ama-algal proteins abonisa ingxenye ephezulu -yesakhiwo esigoqiwe esakhiweni sesibili, futhi -isakhiwo se-helix bekuyisona esizwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa. I-FTIR yasetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwakheka kwesibili kweprotheni yezimila zasolwandle, futhi iziqongo zayo eziyinhloko zazisezifundeni ze-Amide I (1700 kanye ne-1600 cm-1) ne-Amide II (1580 kanye ne-1510 cm-1).
3. Ukukhishwa kweprotheni ye-algae ebomvu
Ngemuva-ukulungiswa kusengaphambili kokuvuna kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe isizinda nokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-biomass. Izindlela ezikhona zokwelapha zangaphambi kwesikhathi zihlanganisa ukomisa, ukuqandisa kanye ne-silage. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela, ukomisa kuyindlela evamile futhi ephumelelayo yokwelapha ngaphambi kokukhipha amaprotheni okhula lwasolwandle. Ubuchwepheshe bokomisa kanye nezinga lokushisa kunemiphumela ebalulekile ku-physicochemical kanye nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zeprotheyini yokhula lwasolwandle. Ngenxa yokuncibilika okuphezulu kwamaprotheni ku-pH ye-alkaline, isixazululo se-NaOH sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhishwa, futhi izinga lokushisa lokukhipha liyipharamitha eyinhloko yokulawula isivuno. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinga lokukhipha ku-4℃laliphezulu kunalelo lokushisa elizungezile. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-enzyme e-polysaccharide ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile nakho kunomthelela ekulimazeni kwezindonga zamangqamuzana e-algae, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe i-bioavailability yamaprotheni. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zayo eziphezulu nezimo eziqinile zokukhipha zivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo-ekukhiqizeni okukhulu. Ukwengeza, i-shear, i-ball Milling kanye nokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic kungaphinde kubhubhise udonga lwamangqamuzana olwandle, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukubuyiswa kwe-protein extract.
4. Izici ezisebenzayo ze-red algae protein
Iningi lamaphrotheni e-alga abomvu angama-alkali-amaprotheni ancibilikayo. Umsebenzi we-emulsifying nokuzinza kwe-k. Amaprotheni e-avruarezII alinganiswa. I-emulsification enhle kakhulu ibonwe ngemva kokuxuba namafutha imizuzu engu-15. Izakhiwo ezinamagwebu zamaprotheni zifaka ikhono lokukhihliza amagwebu (FC) kanye nokuzinza kwegwebu (FS). I-FS ne-FC ye-protein concentrate evela ku-P. Dioica yayingama-204 ± 4 s kanye no-1.00 ± 0.02 mL/s, i-FC ephakeme yayihlobene nokunwetshwa okuhle kwe-rheology, kanti i-FS embi yayingenxa yamandla okugunda okuhlangana kobuso obuthaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kungase kuthuthukise amandla okugwebu amaprotheni e-algae ebomvu. Kusenolwazi oluncane mayelana nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zamaphrotheni e-algae ebomvu, ngakho ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka kule ndawo.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-red algae protein
Amaprotheni kanye ne-hydrolyzate ye-algae ebomvu inezakhiwo ze-antioxidant nomsebenzi we-antihypertensive, futhi i-protein hydrolyzate ye-algae ebomvu inokuvimbela okuphezulu kwe-ACE. Ngokungeziwe kule misebenzi, ama-peptide avela kulwelwe olubomvu abonise izakhiwo ze-antithrombotic in vitro ku-plasma yeplatelet yomuntu kanye negazi eliphelele. I-Taurine iphinde itholakale ekugxilweni okuphezulu ku-algae ebomvu futhi yengezwe ekudleni okusebenzayo ukuze kukhuliswe amandla nokukhuthazela kwemisipha. C-i-phycocyanin (C-i-PC) evela ku-spirulina ivunyelwe ukuthi yengezwe ekudleni njengombala wokudla. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwamaprotheni okhula lwasolwandle, ukuphepha kokudla kuye kwadonsa ukunaka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo olwandle. Ukuze utadishe ukusetshenziswa kwe-algal protein ekudleni okusebenzayo futhi uqinisekise izinzuzo zayo zezempilo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe emikhakheni ehlukene lungenziwa ukuze kugcwaliswe igebe le-algae embonini yokudla.
● Iziphetho namathemba
I-Macroalgae iwumthombo omusha ohlukile wamaprotheni okudla, futhi ulwelwe olubomvu lunethuba elibanzi lokusetshenziswa kulo mkhakha. Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kanye nokukhipha kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula ukugayeka kokudla kwamaprotheni nokusebenza. Indlela yokukhipha ama-enzyme ingathuthukisa inani lokudla kanye nokusebenza kokudla. Ucwaningo lwephrotheni ye-algae ebomvu njengengxenye yokudla esebenzayo luyanda, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubaluleka kwamaprotheni okhula lwasolwandle ekudleni nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
