I-Thaumatin iphrotheni engokwemvelo enoshukela ekhishwe ku-African thaumatoccus danielli . Inezinzuzo eziningi, ezifana nemvelo, ikhalori ephansi, iphephile-engenabo ubuthi, futhi ingehliswa ibe ama-amino acid adingwa umzimba womuntu.Okwamanje, izimuncumuncu zokwenziwa eziyinhloko emakethe i-sucralose, i-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium ne-saccharin, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni nasekucubunguleni ukudla nesiphuzo esiphuzo esiphundu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-epidemiological kanye nesisekelo sezokwelapha lubonise ukuthi ukudla{4}}okunamafutha, aphezulu{5}}kuhlobene kakhulu nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala nokunye. Ngokuthuthuka kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokudla kwesayensi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco nokunempilo sekuye kwagxila kancane kubathengi. Ngakho-ke, isidingo se-sweetener yemvelo emsulwa, ephansi - siyakhula. I-Thaumatin ihambisana ne-psychology yabathengi kanye nokuthambekela kokuthuthuka kwezithasiselo zokudla.
Umsuka kanye nezakhiwo ze-physicochemical ze-thaumatin
Umthombo we-thaumatin
I-Thaumatiniphrotheni elimnandi ngokwemvelo elikhishwe ku-haumatoccus danielli. IHaumatoccus danielli yamila entshonalanga ye-Afrika, eSudan, ogwini lwendlovu eduze kwehlathi lemvula. Isithelo sibukeka njengekhoni likanxantathu onsundu ngokubomvu, kukhona imbewu emnyama engu-2 kuya ku-3 ngaphakathi, kanye namafinyila amhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo amboze i-aril. I-aril iqukethe amaprotheni amnandi aqinile, i-thaumatin. ENtshonalanga Afrika abantu bayisebenzisa njenge-sweetener yewayini elibilile nesinkwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Izici ze-Physicochemical ze-thaumatin
I-Thaumatin iyi-white to cream, i-amorphous, impushana engenaphunga enesisindo se-molecular 22KD kanye nephuzu le-isoelectric phakathi kuka-11.5 no-l2.5. Inezinga eliphezulu lokumunca elingu-280nm futhi lincibilika kalula emanzini kodwa hhayi kuzincibilikisi zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ku-acetone. Ukuzinza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-PH, izinga lokushisa, ama-ion oksijini esixazululo. I-Thaumatin inokunambitheka okumnandi okunamandla kakhulu, izikhathi ezingu-1600 ze-sucrose, kanye nomkhawulo omnandi ophansi kakhulu, ongabonakala ngisho noma uhlanjululwe ku-10^-8mol/L. Ubumnandi beThaumatin buyaqabula, abunaphunga futhi buhlala isikhathi eside. I-PH yayo izinzile ebangeni lika-1.8 ~ 10. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yamaprotheni, ukushisa kungashintsha futhi kulahlekelwe ubumnandi bakho. I-Thaumatin izolahlekelwa ubumnandi bayo lapho ihlanganiswa ne-tannin, futhi ubumnandi bayo buzokwehla ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwesisombululo sikasawoti. Ukusebenzisa kanye noshukela kunomphumela we-synergistic futhi kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzinza kokucubungula kwe-thaumatin kuhle, ku-pasteurization, ukudla okubhakiwe. Izivimbelakuvunda ezivamile azinawo umthelela ebumnandini bawo.
Isimo sokuvunyelwa
I-Thaumatin yavunywa okokuqala njengesengezo sokudla semvelo e-Japan ngo-1979. Ngo-1981. Yavunywa e-United Kingdom ukuze isetshenziswe ezidakamizweni futhi ngo-1986 njengesithako esimnandi ekudleni. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengesithako esimnandi nesithuthukisi ukunambitheka kuye kwavunyelwa e-Europe kusukela ngo-1994. Izimvume ezifanayo zitholakala eSwitzerland, Israel, Canada, Mexico, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand naseNingizimu Melika. Kamuva, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye neFood and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) ithathe i-thaumatin iphephile futhi yagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni. Ngo-2014, i-thaumatin yagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesengezo sokudla e-China, ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu okungu-0.025g/kg eziphuzweni eziqandisiwe, amantongomane agayiwe kanye nembewu, ukudla okubhakiwe, okokunandisa kwetafula neziphuzo (ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanganisiwe), ikhuthaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-thaumatin embonini yokudla yaseChina.
Isimo sokusetshenziswa kwe-thaumatin embonini yokudla
I-Thaumatin iyiphrotheni emnandi ngokwemvelo enamandla aphansi mayelana ne-4.2kcal/g, engathuthukisa futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka kokudla kanye nokubaba kwemaski. Futhi yehlisa izinga lezinzwa lezinto eziningi ezinephunga elimnandi, njenge-menthol, ikhofi, ujinja, ushokoledi, ama-strawberry, ama-apula, ulamula, amawolintshi njll. Isetshenziswa embonini yokudla njenge-ejenti yokwenza uswidi, ngisho nenani eliphansi le-thaumatin lisebenza kahle ekuthuthukiseni ukunambitheka, ngo-10^-6w/w/w ama-verages-verages-based ice cream kanye ne-ayisikhilimu esekelwe ku-ayisikhilimu amaphilisi.
Inhlanganisela ye-thaumatin ne-saccharin, i-aspartame nezinye izinto ezinoshukela inomphumela we-synergistic, ongathuthukisa ubumnandi bobumnandi obuvamile-abanamandla, ifihle ukunambitheka okubabayo kwezinye izishukela, inikeze ukunambitheka okufana kakhulu nalokho kwe-sucrose, futhi kuthuthukise futhi andise ukunambitheka okumnandi. Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa kokunambitheka kwemvelo kanye ne-ejenti yokuthuthukisa, kuncane ekudleni noma esiphuzweni, ngokuyisisekelo akukhiqizi amandla emzimbeni womuntu.
Ezimweni eziphakeme kancane, i-thaumatin isetshenziswe ngempumelelo emithini yemithi, okuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics, amaphilisi ezinhlungu, isiraphu yokukhwehlela, imithi yomkhuhlane ovamile, amaphilisi ezidakamizwa nezithasiselo, ngoba ama-molecule ayo anenani eliphezulu elifihla ukunambitheka okubabayo kwezidakamizwa.
I-Thaumatin isetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo, njengokuxubha amazinyo nokugeza umlomo, ukuze yelule ukunambitheka kwayo nokubanda. Ukuyifaka kushukela-kushingamu ongahlafuniyo, ubumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi lihlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwengeza ubungozi be-caries noma ukwandisa ukushisa. Ukuyengeza ekukhishweni kwekhofi, kwandisa iphunga, kufihla ukufutheka. Lapho inezelwa ezihlungini zikagwayi i-thaumatin ingenza ugwayi unambitheke kancane, futhi lokhu mphumela kuye kwafakazelwa yizinkampani eziningi zikagwayi eJapane.
Noma yisiphi isidingo samasampula samahhala , sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana :liu@wellgreenxa.com ,Ngiyabonga.
