I-Rosmarinus officinalis L. iwuhlobo lweRosmarinus emndenini wakwaLabrum, odabuka ezindaweni ezisogwini loLwandle iMedithera. Njengesitshalo sephunga lemvelo, i-rosemary inomlando omude wokutshalwa nokusetshenziswa.
Ucwaningo luye lwafakazela ukuthi i-rosemary inothile nge-carnosic acid, i-carnosol, i-rosmarinol, i-rosmarinic acid namanye ama-polyphenols, futhi ine-antioxidant, i-antibacterial, anti{0}ukuvuvukala, i-anti-isimila, i-anti{2}}isilonda sesisu neminye imisebenzi yomzimba.
Njenge-ejenti yemvelo, ephephile nesebenzayo ye-antioxidant kanye ne-antibacterial, i-rosemary extract ivunyelwe njengesengezo sokudla e-China nase-European Union nakwamanye amazwe nezifunda, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekulondolozweni kokudla nasekulawuleni ukuphepha kudonse ukunaka okukhulu.
01 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary extract emafutheni
Amafutha e-unsaturated fatty acids emafutheni afakwa i-oxidized kalula ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcinwa, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lawo lokudla okunempilo kanye nekhwalithi yezinzwa. Ukwengeza, i-malondialdehyde, i-malondialdehyde, i-4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) neminye imikhiqizo ye-oxidation ekhiqizwa i-oxidation yamafutha izodala umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yomzimba.
Njengamanje, ukwengeza i-antioxidant kungenye yezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela i-oxidation kawoyela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-antioxidants okwenziwa, i-rosemary ithole ukunakwa okukhulu ngomsebenzi wayo we-antioxidant nokuphepha.
Ngokusho kwezincwadi:
1. Inani elingeziwe le-rosemary extract namafutha e-rosemary ebalulekile kuwoyela we-algal ngu-0.02% -0.04%, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukusabela kwe-oxidation kawoyela we-algal futhi kuvimbele ukwanda kwe-thiobarbituric acid reactants kanye nenani le-peroxide.
2. Inani elingeziwe le-rosemary ekhishwe emafutheni amantongomane e-macadamia cishe li-0.02-0.1%. Lapho inani elingeziwe lingu-0.08%, i-rosemary ingandisa isikhathi sokungeniswa samafutha e-macadamia nut izikhathi ezi-2, futhi ingandisa ngempumelelo isikhathi sayo sokugcina.
3. Ukukhishwa kwe-rosemary ekhishwe emafutheni kabhontshisi bekungu-1000mg/kg. Ukwengeza ukukhishwa kwe-rosemary kungavimbela i-oxidation kawoyela we-soya ku-180 degree, kunwebe ukuzinza kwamafutha e-soya kusuka ku-7.52h kuya ku-13.5h, futhi kunciphise okuqukethwe kwe-polar compounds kusuka ku-17.35% kuya ku-7.99% eqenjini lokulawula.
4. Inani elingeziwe le-rosemary ekhishwe kuwoyela we-flaxseed cishe li-200mg/kg, futhi ukungezwa kwe-rosemary extract (400mg/kg) kungavimbela ukwanda kwezinkomba ze-oxidation ezifana nenani le-peroxide nenani le-anisidine kuwoyela we-flaxseed ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (60℃, 0-izinsuku ezingu-7). Umphumela wayo we-antioxidant wawungcono kune-100mg/kg -tocopherol kanye ne-200mg/kg BHT.
Ukwengezwa kokukhishwa kwe-rosemary kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukusabela kwe-lipid oxidation futhi kwandise impilo yeshalofu yamafutha e-soya, amafutha e-rice bran, amafutha e-rapeseed, amafutha e-flaxseed, amafutha ezinhlanzi, amafutha e-ghee namanye amafutha ezilwane ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcinwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rosemary extract (400mg/kg) ingathuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-, , -tocopherol ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (i-62℃, izinsuku ezingu-24).
Ngaphezu kokuvimbela ngempumelelo i-oxidation kawoyela, ukukhishwa kwe-rosemary nakho kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokudla okuthosiwe.
NgokukaLalas noDourtoglou, ukungeza i-rosemary ekhishwe kuwoyela oyinhlanganisela kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi wayo we-antioxidant, kwanqanda ukushintsha kombala kanye ne-rancidity ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa futhi kwathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lezinzwa zama-chips amazambane.
02 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary extract ekulondolozeni imikhiqizo yenyama
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwamafutha amaningi, umsoco ocebile kanye nezinye izici, imikhiqizo yenyama ijwayele ukungcoliswa yi-oxidation kanye nokungcoliswa kwamagciwane ohlelweni lokucubungula nokugcinwa, okungagcini nje ukunciphisa izinga lokudla okunomsoco kanye nezinzwa zemikhiqizo, kodwa futhi kubangela izifo zokudla.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary ekhishwe ekugcinweni kwenyama. Ucwaningo olufanele luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi ukwengeza i-rosemary powder, i-extract noma amafutha abalulekile kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-thiobarbituric acid reactants (i-TBARS), i-hexanal kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-lipid oxidation, kuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo i-protein oxidation futhi igcine ikhwalithi yezinzwa zemikhiqizo, futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle wokuvikela umbala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunambitheka kwanele ukuvimbela ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nama-bacteria abolayo ebusweni bemikhiqizo yenyama. U-Zhang et al., isibonelo, bathole ukuthi ukungeza u-1% (V/W) i-rosemary extract kube nomthelela omuhle omusha-wokugcina inkukhu entsha. Isamba senani lamabhaktheriya, i-lactobacillus, i-enterobacter kanye ne-pseudomonas bacteria ebusweni bamasampula enkukhu eqenjini lokwelapha elikhipha i-rosemary laliphansi kunalawo aseqenjini elingenalutho lokulawula.
I-rosemary extract ingasetshenziswa futhi ihlanganiswe namanye amasu okucubungula ukuthuthukisa ubusha bayo. U-Huang et al., isibonelo, bathole ukuthi ukwengeza u-2.5% kanye no-5.0% (W/W) i-rosemary ekhishwe ekwelapheni kwenyama ngokweqile kwe-CO2 kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya, i-pH, i-volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) nezinye izinkomba zomzimba namakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokulondoloza, futhi umphumela wako wawungcono kune-supercritical CO2 iyodwa.
Ngokusho kwezincwadi:
1. Inani le-rosemary ethanol ekhishwe ku-meatballs yengulube imayelana ne-1% -1.5%. Ukwengezwa kwe-rosemary ekhishwe kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-MDA ku-meatballs yengulube ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, nokugcina ikhwalithi yezinzwa yomkhiqizo kahle.
2. Inani elingeziwe lamafutha abalulekile e-rosemary esifubeni senkukhu cishe ngama-2%. Ukwengeza u-2% wamafutha abalulekile e-rosemary kuhlanganiswe ne-vacuum package kungavimbela inani lamagciwane e-lactic acid kanye ne-pseudomonas aeruginosa kumasampula esifuba senkukhu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa (amadigri ama-4, izinsuku eziyi-16)
3. Inani le-rosemary extract elisetshenziswe enkukhu lalingaba ngu-0.02%, elingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-TBARS kumasampuli ngesikhathi sokugcinwa (amadigri angu-4, izinsuku ezingu-21), okufana no-00.01%BHT.
03 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary ekhishwe ekucutshungulweni nasekugcinweni kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amaningi, okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, i-acid ecebile engagcwalisiwe nezinye izizathu, imikhiqizo yasemanzini kulula ukungcoliswa ama-microorganisms ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ukuthutha, ukucubungula nokuthengisa, okungase kubangele ukubola futhi kubangele ngisho nezifo ezitholakala ekudleni. Ukukhishwa kwemvelo okunomphumela omuhle we-bacteriostatic kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yasemanzini.
Ucwaningo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-rosemary extract, i-rosemary essential oil nokunye ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuhlanganiswe nokupakishwa kwe-vacuum, isiqandisi nobunye ubuchwepheshe, Kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwanda kwe-TBARS, i-TVB-N, i-PV, ama-fatty acids AMAHHALA (FFA) nezinye izikhombo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamasardine, i-finfish, nezinye izimfanzi ezimhlophe zase-Pacific. Ukubambezela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kwe-oxidation kanye nokukhula kwe-microbial, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezinzwa yomkhiqizo, andise impilo yawo yeshalofu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela obalulekile we-rosemary nawo usetshenziswa ekulungiseni ifilimu yokupakisha ukudla, ikakhulukazi ifilimu edliwayo, efakazelwe ukuthi inomphumela omuhle wokunqanda ukubola kanye nokulondolozwa kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini.
Ngokusho kwezincwadi:
1. Izingcezu zesardine zazicwiliswe ku-10g/L i-rosemary ikhiphe isixazululo esinamanzi imizuzu emi-4. Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-vacuum, ukukhuphuka kwe-TBARS, i-TVB-N, i-PV, i-FFA nokukhula kwe-microbial kusampula ngesikhathi sokulondoloza kungase kuvinjwe ngempumelelo, futhi impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo ingase inwetshwe kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-13 ukuya ezinsukwini ezingu-20.
2. I-rainbow trout yacwiliswa ku-4% i-rosemary ebalulekile ye-nanoemulsion solution ye-nanoemulsion yemizuzu ye-3 futhi igcinwe ku-2℃izinsuku ezingu-24 ngemva kokupakishwa ngefilimu elula.
04 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary extract ekulondolozeni okunye ukudla
I-Rosemary nezingcaphuno zayo nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zezithelo nemifino, ushizi, imikhiqizo kafulawa omusha, njll. Moradian et al. ithole ukuthi i-rosemary extract/bacterial cellulose membrane inganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokuncipha kwesisindo kanye nenani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya abandayo-e-philophilic endaweni phakathi nenqubo yokulondoloza, kuyilapho igcina ikhwalithi yezinzwa kanye nevelu yokondleka komkhiqizo kahle.
UTeodoro et al. walungisa ama-microcapsules kawoyela obalulekile we-rosemary futhi wawasebenzisa ekulondolozeni inhlama entsha. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi amafutha abalulekile e-microcapsule rosemary angavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwemvubelo kanye nesikhunta ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwenhlama entsha (i-25℃, izinsuku ezingu-12), futhi umphumela wokuvimbela wawungcono kunokwelashwa kwamafutha abalulekile e-rosemary.
05 Isiphetho
Ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo yokulwa ne-antioxidant kanye{0}}ne-antimicrobial, i-rosemary extract inethuba elibanzi lokusebenza emkhakheni wokulondoloza ukudla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-rosemary ekhishwe ekugcinweni kokudla. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-rosemary kanye neziqephu zayo zingavimbela ngempumelelo i-oxidation kanye nokonakala kwamafutha, inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yasemanzini, futhi igcine inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nekhwalithi yezinzwa yemikhiqizo. Ngokuzayo, amapharamitha okucubungula kufanele athuthukiswe ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudla, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwenhlanganisela ye-rosemary ekhishwe kufanele buthuthukiswe ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulondoloza.
