Isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (CVD) siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni wonke, futhi i-hyperlipidemia ingenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo.
I-Hyperlipidemia isho i-high plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) kanye ne-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), kanye ne-low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC).
Izinga le-lipid yegazi lihlobene eduze nemikhuba yokudla kanye namandla omzimba we-metabolic. Ukunciphisa ukudla okunamafutha acid agcwele, ama-trans fatty acid kanye ne-cholesterol yokudla kanye nokwandisa ukudla okunempilo kwe-hypidemic kungasiza ekunciphiseni i-lipid yegazi.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ziningi izingxenye ezisebenzayo zokudla ezinemithelela yokwehlisa i-lipid-.
01I-fiber yokudla
I-fiber yokudla ibonwa emhlabeni jikelele njengesakhi sesikhombisa. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-soluble dietary fiber ingavikela futhi yelaphe izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Imicu yokudla efana ne-oats, i-apula pectin, i-cep ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose yonke inomphumela wokwehlisa i-lipids yegazi.
Indlela yokunciphisa amafutha egazi e-fiber yokudla ikakhulukazi ine: ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol esibindini, ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-cholesterol yesibindi ibe yi-bile acid futhi yehlise i-cholesterol esibindini. Ingase futhi ilawule imisebenzi ye-fatty acid oxidation-ama-enzyme ahlobene, ibangele i-fatty acid oxidation, futhi yehlise izinga le-TG yesibindi.
02I-Polysaccharide
Ama-Polysaccharides afundwe kabanzi njengomthombo omusha wezithako zokudla kanye nezithako zokudla ezisebenzayo. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ama-polysaccharides afana ne-jujube polysaccharide, i-kelp polysaccharide, i-polysaccharide yethanga, i-angelica polysaccharide, i-porphyra polysaccharide inomphumela wokwehlisa amafutha egazi.
Ama-polysaccharides asebenzayo anganciphisa i-lipid yegazi ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol, avimbe i-cholesterol hepatoenteric circulation kanye nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-plasma cholesterol. Kungabuye kufezwe ngokulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwe-adipocyte, ukuvimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme ahlobene nokubola kwe-fatty acid, ukukhuthaza i-oxidation ye-fatty acid, nokuqeda ama-radicals mahhala amaningi emzimbeni ukuze kuvinjwe i-lipid peroxidation.
03Ama-polyphenols
I-Polyphenols, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ama-tannins ezitshalo", afaka ama-phenolic acid nama-flavonoid, atholakala kakhulu ezimpandeni, esikhumbeni, emaqabungeni nasezithelo zezitshalo futhi anomsebenzi oqinile wezinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-pomegranate polyphenols, i-polyphenols yamagilebhisi, i-cocoa polyphenols, i-polyphenols yetiye namanye ama-polyphenol anomphumela wokwehlisa i-lipids yegazi.
04Ama-alkaloids
Ama-alkaloid ayizinhlanganisela eziyisisekelo ze-nitrogen ezitholakala emvelweni. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwathola ukuthi ama-alkaloid anemiphumela ye-hypolipidemic.
Wu Hao et al. iphakele i-hamster yegolide ngo-70.05mg/kg, futhi yathola ukuthi isisindo somzimba, i-TC, TG kanye ne-LDL-amazinga e-C ehle kakhulu, futhi amazinga e-HDL-akhuphuke kakhulu ngemva kwamaviki angu-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwe-bile acid egazini kwehle kakhulu, kanye nokuphuma kwe-bile acid (TBA) endle kwanda.
05Ama-Saponins
Amasaponins atholakala kakhulu ezitshalweni kanye nenani elincane ezilwaneni zasolwandle ezifana ne-starfish kanye ne-sea cucumber. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni izifo zenhliziyo kanye nokwehlisa i-lipid yegazi.
Ama-saponins avela ku-Aubergine africana kanye ne-Aralia taibaiensis anemiphumela ebalulekile ekwehliseni i-lipid yegazi futhi amelane ne-lipid peroxidation.
I-Saponins inganciphisa izinga le-cholesterol eplasma ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol yesibindi nokwandisa ukuphuma kwe-plasma cholesterol. Angase futhi alawule ama-enzyme ahlobene ne-lipid metabolism futhi athuthukise amandla e-antioxidant we-lipids ukuze adlale indima yokwehlisa i-lipid-.
06Okunye
U-Shan et al. ithole ukuthi-amanzi olwandle ajulile aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali nezici zokulandelela ezingehlisa i-lipid yegazi, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa i-AMP ecushiwe i-protein kinase ukunciphisa i-lipid yamaseli esibindi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol namafutha acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkulumo ze-mRNA ze-LDL receptors, i-SREBP-2 ne-CYP7A1 zilawulwa, okuholela emazingeni aphansi e-LDL nokwanda kwe-cholesterol efflux.
URashid et al. okudliwe{1}}amagundane okudla okunamafutha aphezulu nge-tocopherol (TRF) anothiswe kumafutha esundu njengesengezo sokudla. Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, amazinga e-TC, TG kanye ne-LDL-C kanye ne-oxidized low-density lipoprotein encishiswe kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela avimbe ukuvela kwe-atherosclerosis.
Amafutha e-Perilla anothe nge--linolenic acid, ZhangTao et al. ithole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, amagundane adliwe ngamafutha e-Perilla anciphisa kakhulu amazinga e-TC ne-TG, andisa izinkulumo ze-mRNA ze-PPAR- kanye ne-CPT1A esibindini, futhi akhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation yama-acids esibindi. Izinkulumo ze-mRNA ze-SREBP-1, i-FAS ne-ACC ku-serum ziye zalawulwa, futhi i-serum lipids yehla kakhulu futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-acid yesibindi kwavinjelwa.
