Ama-CEO ane-hydrophobicity ephezulu, engakhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwawo ne-bacterial lipid bilayer, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi we-membrane yeseli, futhi amafutha abalulekile angaqongelela ngobuningi ku-lipid bilayer, ekugcineni aholele ekuqhekekeni kweseli kanye ne-apoptosis. Indlela yokwenza ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo.
4.1 Ithonya ku-bacterial cell morphology
Ama-CEO angashintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya ngokuthonya i-morphology yawo, enze izinto ze-intracellular ziphume kumaseli, kuholele ku-apoptosis ye-bacterial cell, futhi ekugcineni kuzuze imiphumela ye-bacteriostatic. Tang et al. waqaphela imiphumela yokugxila okuhlukene kokwelashwa kwamafutha abalulekile ku-morphology yamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya ngokuskena i-electron microscopy, futhi wathola ukuthi amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya eqenjini lokulawula elingenalutho abonisa ukuma okuvamile, ukwakheka okuphelele kwangaphakathi, indawo ebushelelezi futhi akukho monakalo. Ngemva kokwelashwa ngama-CEO, ingaphezulu lamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya athintana nama-CEO abonakala engavamile, ashwabene futhi amaholoholo, okubonisa ukuthi ama-CEO angabangela umonakalo kumangqamuzana e-bacterial, ngaleyo ndlela athinte ukungena nobuqotho be-bacterial cell membranes.
4.2 Imithelela kulwelwesi lwamaseli ebhaktheriya
Amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo angavimbela futhi abhubhise ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana e-bacterial, futhi ukusebenzisana kwawo ne-bacterial cell membrane kubangela izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-membrane, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-membrane nokungazinzi, okwandisa ulwelwesi lwe-fluidity kanye nokuqina, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela we-antibacterial. Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-membrane kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto ezivela engqamuzaneni, okubangela ukuthi amagciwane afe. Ama-CEO ngokuvamile aphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli ebhaktheriya ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele umsebenzi wamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic.
I-1) Ithinta ukungena kwe-cell membrane. Ukungena kwe-bacterial cell membrane kuvezwa yi-conductivity kagesi ehlobene. Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-membrane permeability kuholela ekuvuzeni kwama-electrolyte e-intracellular kanye nokwanda kokusebenza okuhlobene. Ambrosio et al. yabonisa ukuthi ukuhanjiswa okuhlobene kwe-E. coli U21 kwanda ngemva kokuba ama-CEO asetshenziselwe ukuyelapha, okubonisa ukuthi ukufinyeleleka kwe-bacterial cell membrane kwabhujiswa. Ukwengeza, lapho amafutha abalulekile e-bergamot asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-EScherichia coli ne-Staphylococcus aureus, ukuhanjiswa okuhlobene kwazo zombili kwanda, futhi ukuhanjiswa okuhlobene kwe-Staphylococcus aureus kwakuphakeme kunokwe-EScherichia coli, okubonisa ukuthi uwoyela obalulekile we-bergamot ungacekela phansi ukuvunywa kwe-bacterial staphylococcus cell, nomphumela osobala we-bacterial aureus.
2) Kuthinta ubuqotho be-membrane yeseli. Amaprotheni kanye ne-nucleic acid ama-macromolecules abaluleke kakhulu kumaseli, afaka ukwakheka kwamaseli kanye nolwazi lofuzo. Ukumunca kwe-nucleic acid namaprotheni ku-260nm kuyinkomba yobuqotho be-membrane. Bajpai et al. ithole ukuthi inani lokumunca le-EScherichia coli ne-Staphylococcus aureus eliphathwa ngamafutha abalulekile e-bergamot lenyuke kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi uwoyela obalulekile we-bergamot wathinta ubuqotho bolwelwesi, okuholela ekufeni kweseli lebhaktheriya.
I-3) Ithinta amandla olwelwesi lwamaseli. Amandla olwelwesi lwamaseli ebhaktheriya abonakaliswa ngamandla e-fluorescence. Ukushintsha kwamandla olwelwesi kungathinta umsebenzi we-metabolic webhaktheriya. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwamandla olwelwesi kungasetshenziswa ukunquma ukuthi amabhaktheriya ane-apoptotic noma cha. Ucwaningo lweSong et al. wabonisa ukuthi ama-CEO aphatha i-STAphylococcus aureus anganciphisa kakhulu amandla e-fluorescence e-STAphylococcus aureus, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungavamile kwe-cell metabolism. Ukuskena izithombe zesibonakhulu se-electron kuphinde kwabonisa ukuthi isakhiwo seseli ye-STAphylococcus aureus sonakalisiwe ngemva kokwelashwa ngamafutha abalulekile e-citrus. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ama-CEO angakwazi ukufeza i-bacteriostasis ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile namangqamuzana e-bacterial, abangele izinguquko kulwelwesi lweseli futhi acekele phansi ukwakheka kwe-membrane yeseli.
4.3 Umthelela ekuvuzeni kwezinto kumaseli ebhaktheriya
Lapho amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya ehlangana namafutha abalulekile ezitshalo, ukuqina kolwelwesi lwamaseli kuzoshintsha, okubangele ukuvuza kwama-molecule amakhulu kumaseli, njengamaprotheni, ama-nucleic acid kanye ne-ATP, ngaleyo ndlela kubhebhethekise ukufa kwebhaktheriya. Ngakho-ke, ukuzimisela okuqondile kokuqukethwe kwama-macromolecules ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya nakho kungenye yezindlela zokubona ukuthi amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo anomsebenzi we-antibacterial.
1) Ithonya kumaprotheni kanye ne-nucleic acid kubhaktheriya. Ngemuva koKWELAPHA i-Staphylococcus aureus nama-CEO, amaprotheni e-extracellular kanye ne-nucleic acid okuqukethwe kwamaseli e-STAphylococcus aureus kwanda kakhulu, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-intracellular protein kanye ne-nucleic acid kwehla kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ama-CEO asebenza kumabhaktheriya angenza amaprotheni abo e-intracellular kanye ne-nucleic acid avuze, okuholela ekungasebenzi kwebhaktheriya.
2) Umphumela ku-ATP yebhaktheriya. I-ATP ibalulekile emisebenzini yamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, okuhlanganisa izidingo zokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukucutshungulwa kwezakhi kanye nokuthutha, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-macromolecule esakhiwo kanye nokukhishwa kwama-enzyme ahlukahlukene. Ukunqunywa kokugxila kwe-ATP kunganquma ukuthi inomphumela we-bacteriostatic. Ngemva koKWELAPHA i-S. aureus nama-CEO, ukugxiliswa kwe-ATP ye-intracellular yamaseli e-S. aureus kwehle kakhulu, okubonisa ukuvuza kwe-ATP ye-intracellular futhi kubonisa imiphumela ye-bacteriostatic yama-CEO.
