Isengezo senyama esithuthukisa ukuthungwa komkhiqizo
1. I-emulsifier
Ama-Emulsifiers asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yenyama ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amaprotheni kabhontshisi wesoya, i-casein kanye neprotheyini ye-serum, phakathi kwayo iphrotheni kabhontshisi wesoya esetshenziswe kakhulu emikhiqizweni yenyama ngenxa ye-emulsification yayo eqinile, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukumuncwa kukawoyela, ukunamathela, ukwakheka kwejeli nezinye izakhiwo.
Amaprotheni e-soy angakwazi ukumunca amafutha mahhala namafutha ahlangene, okubonisa ukumuncwa kwamafutha. I-powder ye-soy yezicubu ingakwazi ukudonsa i-65% ~ 150% yesisindo somzimba samafutha, futhi ifinyelele ukumuncwa okuphezulu ku-15 ~ 20min. Ngakho-ke, amaprotheni e-soy emikhiqizweni yenyama angavimbela imvula yamafutha. Amaprotheni kabhontshisi wesoya asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yenyama kaphayi, ikakhulukazi iphrotheni yezicubu zikabhontshisi. Akukwazi nje ukukhiqiza ukunambitheka okufana nenyama, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukulahleka kokupheka kanye nezinga lokuncipha ngokuhlanganisa amafutha namanzi, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokukhiqiza. Ingxenye yokushintshwa kwayo kwenyama ingafinyelela ku-20% ~ 30%.
2. I-Carrageenan
I-Carrageenan iwuhlobo lweglue yemifino ehlanzekile ekhishwe okhulani lwasolwandle olubomvu. Embonini yokudla, isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener kanye nejeli eyenza i-ejenti, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni izithelo nemifino, ukukhiqizwa kwesiphuzo kanye ne-fibre yamaprotheni yokwenziwa. Izici zesakhiwo zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-carrageenan zinquma ukuncibilika kwamanzi, ukunamathela, ukuqina kwe-emulsification kanye nokwakheka kwejeli kanye neminye imisebenzi. I-Carrageenan iwugqinsi osetshenziswa kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwenyama ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okuphezulu, ukumuncwa kwamanzi anamandla kanye nokuncibilika kalula. Njengamanje, izinga lekhwalithi ye-carrageenan emakethe alilingani, futhi ukusetshenziswa kufanele kukhethwe ngokucophelela ngokuya nezici zomkhiqizo. I-coefficient yayo yokumunca amanzi ihlukahluka izikhathi ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-60, futhi inani elengezwe emikhiqizweni yenyama ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-1%, 0.1% kuya ku-0.6% wesisindo somkhiqizo oqediwe.
3. Isitashi
Isitashi sinokunwebeka okuhle kakhulu, entshonalanga ham, ikakhulukazi kweminye imikhiqizo emikhulu yenyama, enezela inani elincane lesitashi, ingagcina amanzi nejusi, ikhulise ukuqina, ithuthukise isakhiwo. Ikakhulukazi kuma-casings ngaphambi kokuvuthwa komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile engeza isitashi esingaphansi kuka-3%, ngokuyisisekelo akuthinti ukunambitheka nokunambitha. Ngokuvamile ukwengeza isitashi esingaphansi kuka-5% akunalo ithonya elikhulu ekubukekeni nasekunambithekeni komkhiqizo, futhi ukwengeza kahle isitashi esifanele kungathuthukisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo. Isitashi esisetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa emikhiqizweni yenyama sishibhile futhi ngokusobala siyisigcwalisi esiyingozi. Isitashi namanzi ukufuthelana ndawonye, ukuvuvukala izinhlayiya ziyobhujiswa ibe unama, besebenzisa amanzi bafudumale kukhiqizwa gelatinization bemvelo, ukumuncwa amanzi ionic, ukuthuthukisa inhloso adhesion.
Uma isitashi esiningi sengezwe emikhiqizweni ye-mince, izinto zokusetshenziswa zenyama efakwe emanzini anosawoti zizomunca amanzi futhi zikhulule ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusika nokuxuba, kuyilapho kwandisa ubulukhuni bemikhiqizo, ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka, inhlangano enzima kanye nokunambitheka okungajabulisi. Futhi, ekugcinweni kwenqubo yomkhiqizo nakho kulula ukuguga. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesitashi, ukolweni, amazambane, ubhontshisi we-mung, irayisi e-glutinous kanye nesinye isitashi, phakathi kwazo isitashi serayisi esidla kakhulu sinamandla ekumunceni kwamanzi, amazambane, ummbila, isitashi sikabhontshisi we-mung olandelayo, isitashi sikakolweni simpofu. Manje, emikhiqizweni yenyama isicelo esiningi sommbila, amazambane, isitashi sebhontshisi ye-mung.
4. I-AGAR
I-AGAR iyi-polysaccharide. Kulula ukwenza ama-sols emanzini abilayo, angancibiliki emanzini abandayo, kodwa angamunca amanzi futhi akhukhumale abe amabhulokhi angama-colloidal. I-AGAR ihlakazeka kalula emanzini ashisayo futhi yakha ijeli eqinile ngisho nasekugxilweni okuphansi okungu-0.5%. Isixazululo se-viscous ngeke senziwa ekugxiliseni okungaphansi kuka-0.1%. 1% i-AGAR sol eqiniswe ngo-42 degree, ijeli yayo ayincibiliki ku-94 degree, inokunwebeka okuqinile.
I-AGAR isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-braising, steaming, isosi yesoya ekheniwe kanye nemikhiqizo yokupakisha ye-vacuum. Geza i-AGAR ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, bese uyincibilikisa emanzini ashisayo ngokwenani elinqunyiwe, hlunga bese wengeza, futhi ugovuze kahle ngaphambi kokuyingeza. Ukwengeza i-AGAR enyameni ekheniwe kungakhuphula i-viscosity yejusi futhi kubambezele ukucwebezela. Isetshenziswa ekucubunguleni i-ham yasentshonalanga, ingakhuphula ukunamathela, ukunwebeka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi inomphumela obalulekile ezindaweni zokuzwa kwemikhiqizo. Inani elengezwe emikhiqizweni yenyama ngokuvamile liyi-0.2% ~ 0.6%.
5. I-Gelatin
I-Gelatin iyi-polymer ephezulu ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-collagen equkethwe ku-dander yezilwane, i-cartilage, i-ligament kanye nolwelwesi lwemisipha. I-Gelatin iyi-colloid ye-hydrophilic, i-colloid evikelayo, ingasetshenziswa njenge-hydrophobic colloid stabilizer, i-emulsifier. Inephunga elikhethekile, elifana nokunambitheka kwe-gravy, elingancibiliki emanzini abandayo, kodwa ngamanzi, kancane kancane limunca amanzi futhi liyanwebeka futhi lithambe, futhi lingamunca izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 zesisindo samanzi. Incibilikisiwe emanzini ashisayo, isixazululo siyapholisa futhi sihlangane sibe amabhulokhi ejeli. I-Gelatin ihlukaniswe nge-gelatin yezimboni kanye ne-gelatin edliwayo, imikhiqizo yenyama emikhiqizweni ye-gelatin edliwayo. I-Gelatin isetshenziswa njenge-thickener ekukhiqizweni kwenyama ekheniwe, ukwengeza i-gelatin kuhhamu ekheniwe kungakha indawo ebushelelezi enokucaca okuhle, ngokusho "kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza".
6. I-acetate ye-Monostearin
Isetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier emikhiqizweni yenyama, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengengenabungozi kubantu. Njengoba isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amasoseji, ingavimbela inyama ephansi eningi kanye nokwakheka kwamaprotheni kuhlanganiswe nokucekelwa phansi kwamafutha kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-aspic, ithuthukise ukusatshalaliswa kwamafutha futhi ithuthukise i-mince ukuzinza komthwalo wemishini kanye nomthwalo oshisayo, yenze umkhiqizo ugcine unamafutha namanzi{1}}okubamba ukukhuphuka kwamandla, okwenza isoseji ivumelane kahle futhi igcwale, imelana kakhulu nokushisa, 0.5 Ukusetshenziswa ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-0.5%.
7. I-Polymeric phosphate
Nakuba inani le-polymeric phosphate ekucutshungulweni kwenyama lincane kakhulu, kodwa libaluleke kakhulu, indima yalo eyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ① ukuthuthukisa amandla e-ionic wenyama; ② Shintsha inani le-pH yenyama; Chelate metal ions enyameni; ④ Hlukanisa i-actomyosin enyameni. Kungase futhi kuthiwe i-ejenti yokusika, inani lokwengezwa kwalo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ebangeni lika-0.2% ~ 0.5%, uma isakhiwo somkhiqizo esincane kakhulu sikhululekile, okuningi kuzothinta umphumela wokunquma, i-acerb yezinwele zomkhiqizo. I-Phosphate ine-sodium tripolyphosphate, i-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-sodium pyrophosphate amafomu amathathu ahlukene, anezici zawo siqu, ukukhiqizwa okulula kuvame ukusebenzisa i-sodium pyrophosphate eyodwa noma i-sodium tripolyphosphate. Eqinisweni, ziyizinhlobo ezintathu zokusetshenziswa okuxubile ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kwesayensi kuphumelela kakhulu, njenge-powder exutshwe ngokuyinhloko yakhiwa lezi zingxenye eziningana. Uma isetshenziswa, i-phosphate ivame ukuxutshwa ibe yisisombululo sokucwilisa inyama noma i-ham. Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-phosphate, kulula ukukhuphuka futhi kuvame ukucwebezela endaweni yokusika yemikhiqizo yenyama, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyisebenzisa.
8. I-sodium casein
I-casein sodium, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-casein, i-casein sodium, i-casein iphuma ku-casein. Njengoba i-sodium casein ihlukaniswa nobisi, iqukethe wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile adingwa umzimba womuntu, futhi inomsoco ophezulu. Ngaphandle kwe-emulsification enhle nokuqina, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesithuthukisi samaprotheni futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni okuhlukahlukene. I-sodium casein, njenge-emulsifier, ingakha imvilophu yephrotheni ezinhlayiyeni zamafutha futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi we-emulsifying weprotheni yenyama. Uma ishisiwe, amaprotheni enyama azojiya futhi ahlangane nokushisa{4}}amaprotheni obisi angangeni ukuze akhe uhlaka lwamathambo futhi avimbele ukuhlukana kwamafutha.
I-Casein acid sodium ihlukanisa amaprotheni ezilwane, engeza emikhiqizweni yenyama, hhayi nje kuphela engakwazi ukuthuthukisa amanzi nokuzinza kwenyama, kodwa futhi ingathuthukisa ukuthungwa kwenyama namadigri amathenda, ngasikhathi sinye futhi ingafaka okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni enyameni, futhi yehlise ukulahleka kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokupheka imikhiqizo yenyama, ikakhulukazi inyama eluhlaza namafutha enyameni isebenza ikakhulukazi, Umthamo omkhulu ngu-2% wesisindo. Uhlobo lwe-sodium casein emikhiqizweni yenyama luyahlukahluka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zenyama. Ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yenyama efana nesoseji kanye ne-ham sausage, i-sodium casein yengezwa ngendlela ye-powder eyomile noma i-milk melt. Isilinganiso se-sodium casein kumafutha namanzi kufanele sikhethwe ngokuya nge-emulsification kanye nezakhiwo eziqinisayo ze-sodium casein. Isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kakhulu ngu-1∶6∶6, esisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ekukhiqizeni-inyama yezinga eliphansi. Impushana eyomile ifanele{10}imikhiqizo{10}yezinga eliphezulu{10}elinjengamasoseji ethini, amasoseji abhenyiweyo, njll. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele ihlanganiswe nenani elithile leqhwa ngemva kokwengeza inyama engenamafutha, ukuze incibilike ngokuphelele.
Isengezo esisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yenyama ukuthuthukisa umbala wemikhiqizo
1. Umbala wezinwele
Enkambweni yokucubungula inyama, ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuvikelwe umbala wokudla, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ama-pigments ukuze udle ngokuqondile umbala, udinga futhi ukwengeza i-ejenti yombala. Ama-colorants ajwayelekile emikhiqizweni yenyama yi-nitrate ne-nitrite.
I-nitrite emisebenzini yenyama yile: ① ne-heme kuhlanganiswe ukwenza i-nitromyoglobin, ukuze umbala wenyama ugcine ubomvu ngokugqamile; ② Inani eliphansi lokusetshenziswa, lingenza imikhiqizo yenyama ibe nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele; ③ Inomphumela we-bacteriostatic, ikakhulukazi ku-spore-ekhiqiza amagciwane kanye ne-anaerobic gram-ibhaktheriya elihle (kuhlanganise ne-Clostridium). Kodwa-ke, umthamo we-nitrate ne-HCL emikhiqizweni yenyama kufanele ulawulwe ngokuqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-nitrite yengezwe emikhiqizweni yenyama kanye ne-nitrate ngokunciphisa nokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrite, i-nitrite ekhiqizwa nge-lactic acid ingase ikhiqize i-dimethylamine enyameni i-dimethylnitrosamine, eyi-carcinogen.
I-ejenti yombala evame ukusetshenziswa ine-nitrite, i-nitrate ye-sodium, i-potassium nitrate, i-nicotinamide nokunye. I-Nitrite isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yenyama, futhi inani lokwengeza likhethekile kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwenyama, inani elikhulu lokwengeza, futhi ukwehlisa okuqukethwe kwenyama, kuyancipha inani lokwengeza. Ngokujwayelekile, u-100 ~ 150mg/kg kufanele wengezwe ngaphezu kuka-60% wenyama, futhi u-60 ~ 80mg/kg kufanele wengezwe ku-20% ~60% wenyama. Uma isetshenziswa njengendlela yokulungiselela ukhukhamba, umthamo ngu-150 ~ 200mg/kg. I-sodium nitrite izokhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi ohlelweni lokucubungula ukudla, okuyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Indlela yokwengeza okumanzi ivame ukusetshenziswa: ekukhiqizeni, kuqala ukuchithwa emanzini, bese kuba nezithako kanye nokugcwalisa. Umthamo wezindinganiso zikazwelonke: ezisetshenziswa enyameni ekheniwe nemikhiqizo yenyama, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-0.15mg/kg. Izinsalela zemitha ye-nitrate ye-sodium, inyama ekheniwe akufanele idlule i-0.05mg/kg, imikhiqizo yenyama akufanele idlule i-0.03mg/kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kubekwe ukuthi i-nitrite ingasetshenziswa ku-ham enosawoti, kodwa inani elisele kufanele lilawulwe ku-70mg/kg. Umthetho wase-United States ubeka ukuthi izinsalela ze-nitrate emikhiqizweni yenyama akufanele zeqe ku-200mg/kg. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa nosawoti, ushukela kanye nosawoti oxubile ekwelapheni inyama eluhlaza, isilinganiso sikasawoti oxutshwe ngu-96% kasawoti, 3.5% sucrose, i-sodium nitrite 0.5%, ukusetshenziswa kwe-2% ~ 2.5%.
2. I-AIDS yombala wezinwele
Ngenxa yokuthi inyama iphothwa ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kugcwaliswe, kunezelwa umbala othile we-AIDS ukuze kuvinjwe i-myoglobin oxidation. Inganciphisa i-myoglobin ensundu ibe i-myoglobin ebomvu ukuze isize ukuvikela umbala, futhi ingenza ingxenye yomkhiqizo ingabi nsundu.
L-i-ascorbate sodium ne-nicotinamide zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zombala emikhiqizweni yenyama. Ukunciphisa izinto ezifana ne-L-ascorbate sodium kungavimbela i-oxidation ye-myoglobin, futhi kunganciphisa i-oxidized ferric myoglobin ensundu ibe bomvu encishisiwe i-myoglobin ukusiza umbala wezinwele. I-Myoglobin ibophezela ku-nicotinamide ukuze yakhe i-nicotinamide myoglobin ezinzile engafakwa i-oxidized kalula. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-L-ascorbate sodium ne-nicotinamide ngesikhathi esifanayo enqubweni yokwelapha inyama, umphumela wombala wezinwele muhle, futhi ukugcina isikhathi eside kungabuni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-L-i-ascorbate sodium inomphumela wokuqeda ukubola, inani lokwengezwa kwayo lingaphansi noma lilingana no-0.5%, futhi inani lemikhiqizo yenyama ngu-0.5 ~ 0.8g/kg.
3. I-pigment
Idaya ngokuqondile ukudla ngombala wayo, futhi inani le-nitrite lingangezwa ngokufanelekile. Uma okuqukethwe kwenyama kungaphansi kwama-60% futhi i-nitrite ingakwazi ukudlala indima yayo efanele, i-pigment idinga ukungezwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yenyama enezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ham eshisayo esetshenziswa kabanzi imvubelo ebomvu yombala obomvu; Imikhiqizo yenyama-yezinga lokushisa eliphansi lenyama yasentshonalanga-i-enema yesitayela isebenzisa i-koji ebomvu kakhulu, isebenzisa kancane i-carmine ebomvu; Imikhiqizo yenyama yesigaxa efana ne-Australian barbecue, inyama yenkomo enongwe, i-ejenti yombala wezinwele kuphela, futhi ungangezi i-ejenti yombala, ngakho yenza inyama yomkhiqizo izizwe iqinile, umbala wemvelo, isifiso sokudla esikhangayo. Njengamanje, ama-colorants avame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yenyama e-China i-monascus pigment, i-carmine ebomvu, i-caramel pigment njalonjalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-pigment ebomvu ye-monascus: ① ingasetshenziswa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwe-carmine; ② Enqubweni ye-sauce nemikhiqizo yokudoba kanye ne-caramel ngokusetshenziswa. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, i-caramel ingancibilika emanzini kuphela, futhi i-pigment ebomvu ingancibilika ewayinini elimhlophe. I-Caramel: i-monascus red pigment 10 ~ 15∶1(kokubili inani ngaphambi kokuhlanjululwa), ukunamathela kwabo emkhiqizweni kunamandla kakhulu, umbala womkhiqizo oqediwe uzojula kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokugcina esingenalutho, ngakho-ke umenzi kufanele alungise ngokufanele ngokuvumelana nezidingo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Carmine: ① Ithintwa ukumelana nokushisa kwayo ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa{0}}imikhiqizo yokugcwalisa inyama ephekwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (izinga lokushisa lokupheka < 100℃), umkhawulo kazwelonke ngu-0.05g/kg, umthamo onconywayo ngu-0.01~0.02g/kg; ②Imikhiqizo yenyama ephekwe ngokushisa okuphezulu (izinga lokushisa lokupheka ku-100 ~ 121 degree), i-carmine ne-monascus pigment ebomvu ingasetshenziswa ndawonye. Umthamo onconywayo uthi: i-carmine yengezwe ngo-0.005~0.01g/kg, i-monascus pigment ebomvu yengezwe ngo-0.05~0.08g/kg; ③ Inani elifanele le-carmine kufanele lengezwe ohlelweni lwe-marinade.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caramel: ① ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwe-monascus sombala obomvu; ② Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokwehlukana ngokwesidingo senqubo yemikhiqizo ye-marinade, futhi umthamo ucishe ube ngu-1 ~ 1.5g/kg.
Izithasiselo zenyama ezandisa impilo yeshalofu yemikhiqizo
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-preservatives emikhiqizweni yenyama kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinkathi zonyaka kanye nezinhlobo zomkhiqizo. Emasoseji okushisa aphezulu, kubanda ebusika, ngakho-ke impilo yeshalofu yemikhiqizo ingafinyelelwa ngaphandle kwama-preservatives. Ukuhlangabezana nehlobo elishisayo, nikeza okunye okwengeziwe. Imikhiqizo yokushisa ephansi ngoba izinga lokushisa lokuvala inzalo lomkhiqizo lingaphansi kuka-100℃, alikwazi ukuvalwa inzalo ngokuphelele, lidinga ukungeza izilondolozi.
1. I-sorbic acid ne-sorbate
I-Sorbic acid ne-potassium sorbate (i-sodium) yizinto ezigcina i-acidic ezinomphumela omkhulu wokuvimbela isikhunta, imvubelo, kanye nama-bacteria amaningi. Kubikwa ukuthi ukufafaza izinkukhu ezomile ezintsha ngesisombululo se-sorbate esingu-7.5% (i-solvent: propylene glycol: amanzi: glycerin: 70∶ 20:10) noma ukumithisa inyama yenkukhu nenyama yenkukhu ngesixazululo se-potassium sorbate kungandisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kokuvimbela amagciwane amoshayo, i-sorbate iphinde ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane afana ne-Salmonella ne-Staphylococcus aureus. Usawoti we-sorbic acid ungasiza futhi ngokusebenza okushisayo, ukupakishwa okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum kokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo yenkukhu, ukugxila kwesixazululo se-potassium sorbate esingu-0.20% kunganwetshwa ukudla kwasemini okungezona usawoti ngesikhathi sokugcina imikhiqizo yenkukhu, kuvimbele ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamanye amagciwane e-pathogenic, njenge-salmonella, i-golden aurichireus bolicus bolicus, i-clorichicoc, i-colicus, i-aclococcus, i-eclococcus, i-corolicus, i-aclococcus. I-sorbic acid ne-potassium sorbate (i-sodium) isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izivimbelakuvunda ukuze kwandiswe umphumela we-antibacterial. Isibonelo, nge-Nisin, umthamo we-sorbic acid ne-potassium sorbate (i-sodium) ngokuvamile izingxenye eziningana ngenkulungwane.
2. I-Lactic acid streptomycin
I-Nisin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lactobacillus peptide, iwuhlobo olusebenza kahle kakhulu,{0}olungenabo ubuthi, oluphephile, olungenayo imiphumela engemihle yezithako zokudla zemvelo. I-Nisin inomphumela ovimbelayo kuma-bacterium amaningi abangela ukubola kwemikhiqizo yenyama, futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunqanda ukubola nokulondoloza imikhiqizo yenyama nenhlanzi kanye nokwelula isikhathi sokudla sokudla. Engeza 150 ~ 200mg/kg. I-Nisin ingandisa isikhathi sokulondolozwa kwenyama eshisiwe izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi iphinde inciphise okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate emikhiqizweni yenyama. Ukwengeza u-156mg/kg nitrate kanye no-50mg/kg i-Nisin esosejini le-frankfurter elenziwe ngenkukhu kungakhuphula impilo yokugcina ngeviki eli-1 uma kuqhathaniswa nokwengeza i-nitrate engu-150mg/kg kuphela. Uma kusetshenziswa i-100mg/kg Nisin kanye ne-120mg/kg nitrate, Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nitrate engu-156mg/kg, isikhathi sokulondoloza siphezulu izikhathi eziningi. Empeleni, i-Nisin ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izivimbelakuvunda ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi bomphumela we-antibacterial nokwandisa umphumela we-antiseptic. Uma isetshenziswa, i-preservative powder ngokuvamile ilungiswa ibe yisisombululo futhi ifakwe ngokuqondile emikhiqizweni yenyama noma ifakwe emikhiqizweni yenyama.
3. I-sodium lactate
I-sodium lactate iwuhlobo lukasawoti olubuthakathaka lwe-organic acid, olunomphumela osobala ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa kwesidumbu nokubalwa kwamagciwane. Ukwengeza, ukungezwa kwe-lactic acid engu-3% nosawoti wayo enyameni eselashiwe, inhlanzi kanye{2}}nemikhiqizo yenyama engelashiwe kungandisa isikhathi seshelufu semikhiqizo ngaphandle kokuthikameze kabi izinzwa zemikhiqizo. I-sodium lactate inomthelela onamandla we-antibacterial-ekugcinweni okusha kwenyama yenkomo epholile, futhi umphumela we-antibacterial uyakhula ngokukhula kokugxila. Ukugcina ukugxilisa ingqondo{6}okusha okusebenzayo kungu-4%. Ayinakho ukusebenzisana ne-calcium propionate, evame ukusetshenziswa njengesilondolozi sokudla, futhi inomphumela othile ophikisanayo ne-potassium sorbate, kodwa inomphumela obalulekile we-synergistic nge-NiSin.
4. Ivithamini C
I-Vitamin C kanye nosawoti wayo we-sodium inikeza i-proton hydrogen ukubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni futhi ivimbele i-oxidation eqhubekayo yamafutha enyama. I-Vitamin C nayo ingenye yamavithamini abalulekile empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukungezwa kwe-vitamin C emikhiqizweni yenyama akukwazi nje ukufeza umphumela we-anticorrosive, kodwa futhi nomphumela wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
5. Izigcina-mpilo ezintsha zebhayoloji
Ukukhishwa okuqondile kwezilwane zemvelo: njengama-peptide e-antimicrobial, i-propolis, i-protamine, njll. Imikhiqizo ye-Bioengineering: njenge-streptococcus lactin, i-sea pine ne-lysozyme, njll. I-Propionic acid, i-vitamin K, ε -i-polylysine, njll.
