Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwezitshalo ezikhishwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo selube ngenye yezindawo ezishisayo emikhakheni eminingi njengesayensi yezolimo nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi lunokusebenza okungenzeka embonini yokudla. Leli phepha libuyekeza izinhlobo nezakhiwo zezithasiselo zokuphakelayo kwemvelo, izindlela zazo zokwenza kanye nokusebenza kwazo okungenzeka ekukhuleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
A. Izinhlobo nezingxenye eziyinhloko zezithasiselo zokuphakelayo zemvelo
Izakhiwo zezithasiselo zokuphakela kwezitshalo zemvelo zinquma ububanzi bokusebenza kwazo kokuphakelayo. Ngokwemibiko efanele, zingaphezu kuka-1,000 izinhlobo zemithi ye-herbal yaseShayina esetshenziselwe umuthi wezilwane, futhi ezingaba ngu-500 zazo zisetshenziselwa izithasiselo zokudla. Nokho, ayikho incazelo enembe kakhulu yokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo zemvelo{5}}izithasiselo zokuphakelayo ezisuselwe embonini. Ngokwendima nokusebenza kahle kwezithasiselo zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuthuthukiswa kwamasosha omzimba, ukuvimbela izifo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukulawulwa kokukhula, ukulawulwa kwe-microecological, ukufakwa kokudla, kanye nobuhle bezinwele.
B. Umphumela we-antibacterial wezithako zemvelo
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali, izithako ezisebenzayo ze-antibacterial ezikhishwe ezitshalweni ziya ngokuya ziba zodwa. Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-antibacterial ziqukethe ama-flavonoids, ama-alkaloid, amafutha ashisayo, i-polysaccharides, i-anthracenes, i-organic acid, i-saponins nezinye izinhlanganisela. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokushintsha ubuqotho bolwelwesi lwebhayoloji, okuthinta ukwakheka kwamaprotheni ama-nucleic acid, ukuvimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme emzimbeni wegciwane, ukuguqula ukungeneka kwamashaneli e-ion ion, nokwenza ngcono umphumela wokuzivikela komzimba ukuze udlale indima ye-antibacterial. Imvelo isiphenduke inkambiso ekuthengisweni kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, izitshalo ezivela ezintweni zemvelo, uma ziqhathaniswa nama-antibiotics zinezici eziphephile,{3}}ezingakwazi ukumelana, futhi kancane kancane ziba izithasiselo zokuphakelayo ezivelayo.
C. Ukukhula{1}}umthelela okhuthazayo wezithasiselo zemvelo
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwafakazela ukuthi izitshalo ziqukethe amazinga ahlukene ezinto eziphilayo, ngokuvamile aqukethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene zama-amino acid, amavithamini namaminerali. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zihle ukwengeza ukushoda kwezinto ezibonakalayo ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zokudla okunempilo komzimba. Ngemuva kwenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi ezithile emithini ye-herbal azigcini nje ngokuba nenani elithile lokudla okunempilo, kodwa futhi zibe nomphumela wokulawula umzimba wezinto eziphilayo.
U-Yu Wenhui et al. wabonisa ukuthi izitshalo ezikhishwe zingakhuphula kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-leukocyte, i-erythrocytes, i-lymphocyte ne-hemoglobin egazini lezinja, ukunciphisa amafutha e-serum, ukwandisa ukuzuza kwesisindo sansuku zonke, ukudla kwansuku zonke kokudla kanye nezinga lokusebenzisa ukudla kwezinja, kukhuthaze ukumuncwa kwamathumbu amancane futhi kube lula ukugaya. Eminye imidlwane elunyulwayo inomsebenzi ongaphelele wokugaya ukudla kanye nokungazweli kahle kwezifo. Yan Zeqing et al. yenza ucwaningo kusetshenziswa imithi ethile yama-herbal yaseShayina ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugayeka kokudla kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izithasiselo zemvelo zokuphakelayo zinemiphumela ethile yokukhuthaza kanye nokuthuthukisa ekusebenzeni kokukhula kwemidlwane. Eminye imithi ye-herbal iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-enzyme nezinto ezithuthukisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme.
U-Xia Xiaodong et al. ukungeza u-2% kanye-i-Sijunzi Tang enambitheka ekudleni kungakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo okuqukethwe kwe-amylase, i-lipase ne-protease ku-pancreas kanye ne-D-i-xylose ku-serum yezinja, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokugaya nokumuncwa kwezinja. Izinto ezisebenzayo zemvelo ezifana ne-green tea powder, i-bifidus factor kanye nama-probiotics angakwazi ukulawula izitshalo zamathumbu e-canine organism futhi adlale indima ye-antibacterial futhi athuthukise impilo yamathumbu. Shu Yingshang et al. kubonise ukuthi ukungeza i-Astragalus polysaccharide ekudleni kwenja kungakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-IgA, IgG, IgM ne-IFN-Y ku-serum yezinja futhi kukhuthaze amazinga okuvezwa kwe-IgA mRNA ne-SIgA amaprotheni ku-mucosa yamathumbu amancane enja, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuzivikela kwamathumbu emathunjini ezinja.
D. Izithasiselo zemvelo zokuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezilwane ezifuywayo
Izithasiselo zokudla okukhishwe kwezitshalo ziqukethe ama-alkaloid, ama-polysaccharides, ama-organic acid nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, ezingabandakanyeka ekulawuleni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Isibonelo, i-Huang Lian, i-Astragalus, itiye elihlaza, njll. iqukethe ama-polysaccharides e-bioactive, angavuselela amaseli omzimba afana nama-macrophage nama-T{2}}lymphocyte ezilwaneni, abese ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-cytokine afanelekile, akhuthaze ukwanda kwawo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-tumor necrosis factor, i-interleukin-2, i-immune immune ye-cytogulant yesilwane. I-Honeysuckle, i-hawthorn kanye ne-citrus iqukethe ama-asidi e-organic, angehlisa i-pH yento yokugaya futhi andise ukukhishwa kwe-pancreatic kanye neminye imisebenzi.
Yan Zeqing et al. kwandisa kakhulu izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-lymphocyte kanye namazinga e-serum e-lgG, i-IgM ne-lysozyme ngokusebenzisa ukudla kwenja yezempilo okuqukethe amakhambi aseShayina, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izithasiselo zemvelo zingathuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezinja ezindala. Ucwaningo lukaLou Hongjun et al. kwafakazela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwenja okunezithako zemithi kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwehomoni ye-adrenocorticotropic, i-cortisol ne-interleukin-2 ku-serum yezinja ngokwezinga elithile.
E. Izithasiselo zemvelo zokuvimbela nokulawula izifo ezifuywayo
Izitshalo zendabuko ezikhishwayo ezinezithako zokwelapha zemvelo neziphephile, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwesilwane esifuywayo kanye nekhono lokumelana nobubi bangaphandle, kodwa futhi okulwa-negciwane kanye{1}}nokumelana{1}}nokucindezeleka, ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-canine distemper kanye ne-canine microcephaly. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yamaShayina ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni izifo ezifuywayo kuzuze imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukudla kwezempilo okuqukethe amakhambi kungakhuthaza ukwelashwa noma kuvimbele ukuqala kwezifo ngokuqinisa ubhontshisi nezinso, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa izidingo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo.
