Izibala zezitshalo zemvelo zikhishwa ezimbalini, emaqabungeni, ezithelo nasembewu yezitshalo zemvelo futhi ziyahlanzwa futhi zicwengisiswe. Izibala zezitshalo zemvelo zithambile, ziphephile futhi azinawo-ubuthi futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umbala wokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingulube zezitshalo zemvelo zisebenza ngokwezinto eziphilayo futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimonyo nasemithini nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo, futhi kuye kwasungulwa inani lemikhiqizo yokwelapha yasemtholampilo, njengesafron yellow pigment yomjovo kanye namaphilisi ombala wetiye. Ngokuqwashisa kwanamuhla ngempilo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izibala zezitshalo zemvelo ezinezimfanelo eziluhlaza nempilo seziphenduke indawo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa embonini yezempilo enkulu.
Yiziphi izigaba zombala wezitshalo zemvelo?
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zombala wezitshalo zemvelo ezinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa:Ama-flavonoids, ama-anthocyanins, ama-carotenoids, ama-quinone, ama-chlorophyll, njll.
Ama-Flavonoids:Ama-Flavonoid pigments ama-pigment{0}}amanzi ancibilikayo anesakhiwo se-ketone carbonyl, futhi okuphuma kuzo ngokuvamile kunombala ophuzi, nomsebenzi wokukhipha umoya-mpilo ama-radicals mahhala, avimbe i-lipid peroxidation futhi alibazise ukuguga. Isibonelo, i-curcumin ekhishwe ezigabeni ze-turmeric ne-tulip idumile emakethe ngenxa ye-antioxidant,{2}}imiphumela yayo yokuqeda ukuvuvukala kanye{3}}ne-antibacterial, kanye{4}}nemiphumela yokulwa nesimila. I-Sea-buckthorn yellow pigment, etholakala ikakhulukazi emakhasini asolwandle, umbala wayo ugqamile, amandla ombala aqinile, aphephile futhi anokwethenjelwa nawo angathuthukisa ukunambitheka, okuyisithako esibalulekile sokudla.
Ama-Anthocyanins:I-Anthocyanins ingakhiqizwa ku-chlorophyll, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sama-anthocyanins kumacembe nezithelo. Okufana ne-petunia, i-aubergine, i-strawberry, i-dragon fruit, njll. Umbala we-anthocyanins uncike ku-pH{2}}, futhi izithelo nemifino eminingi ebomvana noma onsomi ngombala iqukethe ama-anthocyanins. Ama-anthocyanidin angabanikeli be-hydroxyl, abangabahlinzi abanamandla bama-radicals mahhala futhi anemiphumela yezekhemisi efana-nokuqeda ukuvuvukala kanye -ne-oxidant, i-anti{6}}ukuguga, i-anti{7}}isimila nesivikelo senhliziyo. I-wolfberry emnyama iqukethe inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-anthocyanins kunoma yisiphi isitshalo esitholakala kuze kube manje; Ubhatata onsomi ungumthombo okhiqizayo kakhulu futhi ocebile wama-anthocyanins, okwenza ube yimpahla eluhlaza efanelekile yokukhipha i-anthocyanin.
I-Carotenoids:I-Carotenoids iyiqembu lamafutha-ancibilikayo e-terpene polymers akhiwe nge-isoprene exhunywe ibhondi ephindwe kabili ehlanganisiwe, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-700 ezihlanganisa i-alpha-i-carotene, i-beta{3}}i-carotene, i-lutein ne-zeaxanthin. Iwuhlobo olwandulelayo lukavithamini A futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni ne-antioxidant,{5}}eqeda isimila, ekwandiseni amasosha omzimba nokuvikela inhliziyo. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwama-carotenoid emvelo cishe kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-100 ngonyaka, futhi ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nokusetshenziswa kubanzi kakhulu.
I-Quinone pigments:Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezinesakhiwo sequinone noma amaquinone e-biosynthetic angama-quinone pigments futhi anobubanzi obubanzi. Isibonelo, i-comfrey ku-comfrey kanye ne-iso-i-comfrey, i-comfrey ewolintshi ku-comfrey, njll. Ama-quinone pigments anemisebenzi emihle yebhayoloji, efana -nokuvuvukala,-i-viral, -anti{5}}ukuguga kanye{6}}ne-tumor.
I-Chlorophyll:ene-porphyrin-efana nesakhiwo, etholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-chloroplast ezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo nolwelwe, idlala indima ebalulekile ku-photosynthesis, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili ze-chlorophyll A no-B, elwa-nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antibacterial, ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwegazi, futhi ivimbele izimila.
