Amathumbu ezilwane kuyigumbi eliyinhloko, ukugaya kanye nokumunca imisoco kubuye kube yisithiyo esibalulekile sokuzivikela komzimba, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezincane, zombili zokuqinisekisa impilo yomzimba amagciwane anenzuzo, futhi anomonakalo empilweni yomzimba wamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic, bathi ngokuvamile amagciwane anenzuzo ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-bifidobacteria, i-lactobacillus kanye ne-enterococcus, lolu hlobo lwamabhaktheriya e-bacterial of intestinal bacterium ngaphezu kwenani eliphelele le-bacterial intestinal 90 ngaphezulu kwe-intestinal. hlanganisa i-escherichia coli ne-salmonella, ingxenye incane kakhulu, kodwa umthelela emzimbeni wesilwane nawo mkhulu kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amabhaktheriya anenzuzo namabhaktheriya e-pathogenic emathunjini asesilinganisweni esinamandla. Lapho into ephilayo ibonakala i-pathological, amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic anda ngamanani amakhulu futhi amagciwane anenzuzo afa kancane kancane. I-morphology yamathumbu kanye nebhalansi ye-microflora yizinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu.
Ithebula 1: Ububanzi bendilinga ye-bacteriostatic yezitshalo ezikhishwe emithonjeni ehlukene(mm)17
1.1 I-bacteriostasis
Izitshalo zezitshalo zinomsebenzi omkhulu we-antibacterial. Kuze kube manje, kunemibiko eminingi ngomsebenzi we-antibacterial wezitshalo ezikhishwe ku-vitro. Ithebula 1 libala imithelela evimbelayo yezitshalo ezingama-24 ezikhishwe ku-Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis kanye ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro antimicrobial kubonise ukuthi okukhishwe esihlahleni setiye, i-coriander, i-marjoram ne-pullorum kunemiphumela eqinile yokuvimbela i-Escherichia coli, i-Salmonella ne-Staphylococcus aureus. Ama-alkaloid akhishwe ezimpandeni, iziqu namaqabunga eCelandine abe nemiphumela evimbelayo ku-Bacillus subtilis kanye ne-Escherichia coli, kuyilapho inani eliphelele lama-saponins elikhishwe ezimpandeni ze-Pulsatilla pulsatilla libe nemiphumela evimbelayo ku-Escherichia coli, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Pseudomonas nemiphumela ebuthakathaka e-Parahirugitye, kodwa i-Pseudomonas e-Paraguay ephansi, i-Paracerichia coli. ukugxila. I-Chinese bulbul saponins B4 ingaphinda ivimbele i-escherichia coli, engenambala, i-bacillus, i-verdigris yamanga unit cell coli nokukhula kwamagciwane e-klebsiella pneumonia, futhi kusukela ku-bergamot, i-lemon ne-orange ekhishwe i-linalyl utshwala ne-citral ku-staphylococcus aureus, i-jejunum bending bacteria, e. coli O157, i-listeria eyodwa kanye nomsebenzi we-waxy bacillus nakho kunomphumela wokuvinjelwa. Ghasemzadeh et al. ikhiphe i-tannin ezimbalini ze-Etlingera elatior futhi yathola ukuthi yayinemiphumela evimbelayo ku-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Bacillus subtilis ne-Escherichia coli. Ama-Flavonoid avela ku-Bitter melon avimbele ukukhula kwe-Escherichia coli, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Shigella shigella, i-Salmonella, i-Staphylococcus aureus ne-Bacillus subtilis, futhi ibe nomthelela omuhle kakhulu wokuvimbela i-Bacillus subtilis, ngokugxilisa okuncane kwe-inhibitory (MIC00) yezinhlobo ezintathu zokuqala zama-bacteria angu-2. mg/mL, kanye namanani e-MIC ezinhlobo ezintathu zokugcina zamagciwane abengu-0.125 mg/mL. Ukukhishwa kwe-Forsythia kunganciphisa inani le-EScherichia coli endle yamantshontsho engulube, futhi izinga lokuhuda lamaphuphu afunzwa i-forsythia akhiphe kusukela osukwini olu-1 kuye kweziyi-14 lehle ngo-61% uma liqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo.
Ngokukhula kokugxila kokukhipha izitshalo, umphumela wayo we-bacteriostatic wanda. I-LBP ingavimbela ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya e-enteric afana ne-Escherichia coli, i-Salmonella ne-Staphylococcus aureus ekugxilweni okufanelekile, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwayo kumagciwane e-pathogenic kwaba namandla ngokunyuka kokuhlushwa kwe-LBP. Izingxenye ezihlukene zevolumu ye-aloe ezikhishwe zingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ahlukene, phakathi kwawo u-5% we-aloe extracts engavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwe-Escherichia coli ne-Candida albicans, kuyilapho lapho ingxenye yevolumu ye-aloe extracts ingu-20%, ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus kungavinjelwa kangcono.
Izithako ezisebenzayo ezikhiqizweni zezitshalo zinganciphisa inani lomphakathi wamabhaktheriya kanye nokugxila kwe-amine ye-biogenic ku-digesta yamathumbu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise umsebenzi webhaktheriya ku-ileum, i-jejunum ne-cecum, futhi kukhuthaze ukuzinza kwe-microbial flora enempilo emgudwini wamathumbu omzimba. Ngakho-ke, izitsha zezitshalo ziye zasetshenziswa kancane kancane ukuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu ezilwane. Ukwengeza ingxube ye-carvonol, i-cinnamaldehyde kanye ne-capsaicin ekudleni kwamantshontsho engulube kunganciphisa inani le-EScherichia coli ku-jejunum, kwandise inani le-lactobacillus ne-bifidobacteria, futhi kunciphise inkomba yokuhuda kwezingulube, futhi izinga lohudo lehle ngo-1.45% uma liqhathaniswa} neqembu lokulawula i-lactocillus{3} lenyuka kakhulu{3} ku-duodenum, i-jejunum kanye ne-caecum yezingulube, u-0.3% noma u-0.6% we-APS unganciphisa izinombolo ze-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella, futhi wandise izinombolo ze-Lactobacillus ne-bifidobacteria ku-caecum yezinkukhu, futhi umphumela we-0.6% APS ubonakala ngokucacile.
Njengohlobo olusha lwesengezo sokuphakelayo, ukukhishwa kwezitshalo kunezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi elwa namagciwane. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-bacteriostatic lwezitshalo ezikhishwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe lusesesiteji sokukhishwa okungahluziwe, futhi ucwaningo lwezingxenye zalo ze-monomer luncane, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwendinganiso ecacile yokwengezwa kwenani lezitshalo zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha umphumela ovimbelayo wezingxenye ze-monomer ezikhishwe esitshalweni kuma-bacterium kanye nenani elingeziwe elifanelekile ekudleni kwemfuyo nezinkukhu.
1.2 Thuthukisa impilo yamathumbu
Izitshalo zezitshalo azikwazi nje ukwandisa amabhaktheriya anenzuzo futhi zivimbele amabhaktheriya ayingozi emgudwini wamathumbu, kodwa futhi zithuthukise isakhiwo se-morphological yezicubu zamathumbu, zikhuthaze ukubonakaliswa kwamaprotheni e-intestinal mucosal ukulungisa factor, ukunciphisa izinga lezici zokuvuvukala emathunjini, kukhuthaze ukumuncwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi emzimbeni wesilwane, futhi kuqinisekise impilo yamathumbu. Isibonelo, ukwengeza u-1 g/kg we-Acanthopanax senticosus micropowder kanye ne-1 g/kg ye-acanthopanax senticosus micropowder obisini olusha kungandisa kakhulu ubude nenani le-villi ku-duodenum, i-jejunum ne-ileum yamankonyane ancelisayo, futhi kunciphise ngempumelelo ukuvela kohudo futhi kuthuthukise impilo yamathumbu emathunjini. Ukudla okuhlanganiswe no-0.2 g/kg we-phytosterol kungakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo ukuphakama kwe-villus nokujula kwe-crypt ye-duodenum ne-jejunum, kuthuthukise ukumila kwamathumbu, futhi kunciphise izinga lokuhuda kwezingulube. I-Baitulin ingakhuphula ngokuphumelelayo amazinga okubonisa amaprotheni esici sokulungisa i-mucosal yamathumbu e-EGFR kanye ne-TGF 1 kumagundane ohudo, futhi yehlise ngokuphawulekayo amazinga e-mRNA namaprotheni e-NF-κB P65 kumachwane engulube. I-Yucca extract ingakhuphula ukuhlukahluka kwe-cecum microflora, igcine ubuqotho besakhiwo sezicubu zamathumbu futhi ilawule i-pH yamathumbu ukuze kugcinwe amazinga abalulekile amaprotheni omzimba futhi kukhuthaze impilo yamathumbu. Ukwengeza ngo-100 mg/kg wembewu yamagilebhisi i-anthocyanin ekudleni okuyisisekelo kwezingulube ezilunyuliwe kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuphakama kwe-villus ye-duodenum ne-jejunum, kunciphisa kakhulu ukujula kwe-crypt ye-duodenum ne-ileum, kuthuthukise i-morphology ye-mucosa yamathumbu futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwamathumbu amancane. Ngokwandisa ubukhulu bongqimba lwe-mucus ekoloni yamagundane, i-buticophenol ingathuthukisa umgoqo we-mucosal futhi ivimbele ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlasela kwamagciwane nezifo.
Njengohlobo olusha lwezithako zokudla okusebenzayo, ukukhishwa kwezitshalo kungakhuthaza impilo yamathumbu ezilwane. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zamanje mayelana nezitshalo zezitshalo empilweni yamathumbu emfuyo nezinkukhu ikakhulukazi zigxila endaweni yamathumbu, isakhiwo se-morphological kanye ne-microflora, futhi kunezifundo ezimbalwa mayelana nendlela ejulile yokuthuthukisa umgoqo wamathumbu, ukuzivikela kwe-mucosal, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni ahlangene, angahlolwa esikhathini esizayo.
1.3 Thuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba
Izitshalo zezitshalo eziqukethe ama-polysaccharides, ama-saponins, ama-alkaloid, amafutha abalulekile nezithako ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela ezifweni ezifana nama-organic acid, zingakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zokuzivikela, zikhuphule isisindo sezitho zokuzivikela, zingakwazi futhi nama-immune receptors akhethekile kulwelwesi lweseli, ukulungisa ama-T lymphocyte nama-B lymphocyte kanye nama-macrophages secretion, kuthuthukise amandla okuzivikela esilwane{0}}singakhuphula kakhulu i-leaf melon{0}}mg/} kanye namazinga e-TNF- kumagundane, ashukumisa iseli-ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba okulamula, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise izakhiwo zokuzivikela ezifweni, 50 mg/kg kanye no-100 mg/kg ukukhishwa kweqabunga lekhabe elibabayo kungakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-serum TGF-, kuthuthukise -ikhono lokulwa nokuvuvukala lomzimba. I-Pulsatilla pulsatilla kanye ne-pulsatilla pulsatilla saponins ingakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-TNF- kanye ne-IL-1 ku-serum, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-IgG ne-IgM ku-serum yamachwane alunyuliwe, kanye nemiphumela ye-pulsatilla pulsatilla saponins kanye ne-pulsatilla pulsatilla saponins ngenkathi ama-supplementary pulsatilla ama-saponsatilla ayengcono kakhulu 300 futhi 12.5 mg/kg, ngokulandelana. Amakhemikhali e-Phytochemicals aqukethe uwoyela wesinamoni kanye ne-citric acid anganciphisa kakhulu inani lesikhunta, amagciwane e-aerobic kanye ne-escherichia coli emathunjini amancane, akhulise ngokuphawulekayo ukuphakama kwe-villus nokujula kwe-crypt yamathumbu amancane, futhi athuthukise ukuzivikela kwama-broilers.
Izitshalo zezitshalo zemvelo ziqukethe ama-polysaccharides, ama-saponins, ama-alkaloid, amafutha abalulekile nama-organic acid, angathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuzivikela kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lokuthi okukhishwe kwezitshalo kusebenza kanjani ezithweni okuhlosiwe futhi kulawule imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yebhayoloji njengokungavikeleki komzimba kusesesigabeni sokuqala, futhi kudinga ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kusuka kumazinga weselula namangqamuzana.
