Ngomhla zingama-25 kuLwezi, i-European Union yagunyaza ukubekwa emakethe kwe-vitamin D2 mushroom powder njengokudla okusha okuyinsiza ngokuhambisana noMthethonqubo (EU) 2015/2283 wePhalamende laseYurophu kanye noMkhandlu kanye nokuchibiyela uMthetho Wokusebenza Wekhomishini (EU) 2017/2470. imvume isanda kunikezwa ngemva kweminyaka emi-2. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinsana nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala akufanele zidle izithako zokudla eziqukethe i-vitamin D2 mushroom powder.
Isithako esisha impushana yekhowe eyenziwe ngamakhowe omisiwe e-Agaricus bisporus. Inqubo ihilela ukomisa, ukugaya kanye nokulawula ukuchayeka kwempushana yamakhowe emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ebangeni le-wavelength lenqubo yemisebe ye-UV, lokho kudla okusha okulashwe yi-UV{2}}okugunyazwe ngaphansi koMthethonqubo (EU) 2015/2283. Impushana yamakhowe kubikwa ukuthi iqukethe i-580-595 ug/g ye-vitamin D2, Ngaphansi noma ilingana nama-35.0% ama-carbohydrates, Inkulu noma ilingana no-15% isamba se-fibre yokudla kanye Enkulu kunanoma ilingana nama-22% amaprotheni aluhlaza.
Eqinisweni, i-EU igunyaze izithako ezimbalwa zamakhowe zikavithamini D njengokudla kwezinsiza ezintsha eminyakeni yamuva. Isibonelo, ikhowa le-vitamin D elithuthukiswe i-Scelta Mushrooms ligunyazwe njengomthombo wokudla omusha yi-EFSA ngo-2018. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umhlinzeki wamakhowe wase-Dutch u-Banken Champignons wathola imvume ye-EFSA ngesithako sawo samakhowe kavithamini D{2}} waphinde wabona i-Oakshire Naturals, LP. thola imvume Yokudla Kwensiza Entsha ye-EU ngempushana yayo yamakhowe kavithamini D.
I-Vitamin D ingenye yamavithamini ambalwa umzimba ozikhiqiza wona ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga esikhumbeni, yingakho igama le-sunlight vitamin. Lapho amandla elanga encipha, noma umzimba uthola ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane kakhulu, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza uvithamini D owanele, ongaletha izimo zempilo ezihlobene. Izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika bezilokhu zamukela kakhulu indima yezempilo kavithamini D. Amazinga anele kavithamini D abalulekile futhi njengamanje ukunakwa okwengeziwe kunikezwa uvithamini D kunanini ngaphambili.
Amakhowe aziwa ngokuba ne-fiber eningi futhi awanawo amafutha, ushukela noma usawoti, futhi izinzuzo zawo zezempilo ziye zacwaningwa kabanzi. Uma echayeke ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet noma elangeni, amakhowe angakhuphula amazinga kavithamini D ngenxa yokuba khona kwenhlanganisela ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-ergosterol. I-Ergosterol iguqulelwa kuvithamini D lapho ichayeke emisebeni ye-UV, ngendlela efanayo nendlela isikhumba somuntu esihlanganisa ngayo ivithamini lapho sichayeka elangeni.
Uhlobo lwevithamini D olukhiqizwa kumakhowe luyi-D2, ngokungafani ne-D3 etholakala ekudleni okumbalwa kwezilwane okuqukethe ivithamini ngokwemvelo. I-Agaricus bisporus (eyaziwa nangokuthi amakhowe amhlophe) ivamise ukutshalwa endlini ngakho-ke awevezwa kunoma yikuphi ukukhanya kwelanga (UVB). Yingakho ukwelashwa okukhanyayo okulawulwa yi-UVB{4}kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza uvithamini D2 phakathi nokukhiqizwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani eliqondile levithamini D2 elikhishwe kumakhowe lilawulwa, njengoba inqubo ilawulwa futhi ihlolwe.
Amakhowe angasetshenziswa ekudleni, eziphuzweni, ezithakweni zokudla okunomsoco, ukudla okusebenzayo, ukudla okulula, ikhofi nezimonyo, okuhlanganisa abadlali abaningi bochungechunge lwezimboni. Isibonelo, I-Ancient Nutrition USA isanda kwethula uhla lwemikhiqizo evutshiwe yemithi kanye namakhowe aphilayo ukuze ilethe izigaba ze-adapogenic emakethe yabathengi ebanzi. Phakathi kokunye, i-organic mushroom supplement range ihlanganisa izithako ezifana ne-Cordyceps sinensis, i-Ganoderma lucidum, i-Yunzhi ne-Monkey Head mushroom.
