Iziphuzo eziqinile zibhekisela emikhiqizweni eyenziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudla, izithasiselo zokudla, njll., ezicutshungulwa zibe izinto eziqinile ezifana nezimpushana, ama-granules, noma amabhulokhi okuphuza kabusha. Uma impushana yejusi, impushana kabhontshisi wesoya, impushana yetiye, impushana yekhofi, isithelo{2}}isiphuzo esiqinile esinambithekayo, isiphuzo esiqinile (ithebhulethi ephunga elimnandi), impushana yejinja. Iziphuzo eziqinile zihlobene nesimo somzimba sesiphuzo. Iwuhlobo lwesiphuzo olukhethekile. Inezici zosayizi omncane, ukuncibilika okuhle okusheshayo nokulondolozwa okuhle.
1 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile
Ijusi: Ijusi iyisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko sejusi yesithelo{0}esekelwe eziphuzweni eziqinile.
I-Maltodextrin: I-Maltodextrin ingasetshenziswa ukwandisa i-viscosity yeziphuzo nokunciphisa ubumnandi beziphuzo. Isebenza futhi njenge-ejenti ye-clouding. Ingasetshenziswa kanye nezingulube, ama-flavour, njll. ngesilinganiso esifanele ukwenza ukubonakala komkhiqizo kunyamalale futhi kubonakale ukunikeza abantu ubuqiniso bejusi entsha.
Ama-sweeteners: Ama-sweeteners (okuhlanganisa i-sucrose, i-glucose, i-fructose, i-maltose, njll.) angenye yezinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko zesithelo{1}}sezithako zesibili ezinambitheka futhi ziwumthombo oyinhloko wobumnandi bemikhiqizo enjalo.
Imikhiqizo yobisi: okuhlanganisa ubisi olujikisiwe olunoshukela, impushana yobisi, ukhilimu, njll., yizinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko zeziphuzo eziqinile ezinephrotheni{1}.
Impushana yeqanda leqanda: Yenziwa ngesikhupha seqanda esisha noma ixutshwe neqanda leqanda bese lifuthwa-lomisiwe. Impushana ephuzi enephunga elijwayelekile, ayinamunyu kanye nephunga elingavamile, nokuncibilika okuhle.
I-cocoa powder: Ngemva kokuvutshelwa nokomisa ubhontshisi omusha we-cocoa, icutshungulwa ngokuwoswa, ukugoqa, ukukhipha uwoyela, ukomiswa nezinye izinqubo. Insundu ngokumnyama futhi inephunga lemvelo le-cocoa.
Isoda yokubhaka: Ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo eziqinile{{0}ezisekelwe kumaprotheni, isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubumuncu obulethwa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuze kugwenywe ukuna nokuntanta kwamaphrotheni okubangelwa ukusebenza kwe-asidi.
Amavithamini: Njengesiqiniseko sokudla okunomsoco, sisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ubisi oluqinile oluqinile, futhi uvithamini A, uvithamini D kanye novithamini B1 kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Ezinye izithasiselo zokudla: kufaka phakathi ama-flavour, ama-pigments, izilawuli ze-acidity, izishukela, njll.
2 Inqubo yokukhiqiza
2.1 Izixhumanisi Zokulawula Ezibalulekile
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe neziyisizayo nezinto zokupakisha; ukulawulwa kokuphathwa kwenhlanzeko kwama-workshops okukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ama-workshops okupholisa nokupakisha; ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kwemishini; isilinganiso sesithako; ukulawula ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nezinqubo zokupakisha; ukuphathwa kwenhlanzeko kwabaqhubi.
2.2 Kulula-ukwenzeka{2}}kwezindaba zekhwalithi nezokuphepha
Ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwemishini, imvelo, izinto ezingavuthiwe neziyisizayo, izinto zokupakisha, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokomisa, ukupholisa nokupakisha, abasebenzi kanye nezinye izixhumanisi azikho, okungase kuholele kalula kumswakama ongafanelekile kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo; inani elisetshenzisiwe.
2.3 Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngomkhiqizo
1) Ukuwohloka nokushintsha umbala
Ukucisha-ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo yesiphuzo esiqinile kubangelwa ikakhulukazi i-oxidation. Isibonelo, i-fat oxidation emkhiqizweni inikeza umkhiqizo iphunga le-fat oxidation.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
1. Lawula ngokuqinile imingcele yenqubo ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa lokuvala inzalo kanye nesikhathi sokubamba, ukuze imisebenzi ye-lipolytic enzymes ne-peroxidase kumele ilahleke.
2. Lawula ngokuqinile umswakama womkhiqizo.
3. Qinisekisa ukucinana kokupakishwa komkhiqizo.
4. Umkhiqizo kufanele ugcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile.
2) Ukungcola
Isimo sokungcola okweqile emikhiqizweni yesiphuzo esiqinile kungenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuhlanzwa okungaphelele kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
2. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ingaphansi kokungcoliswa kwesibili.
3. Izinga lokushisa lomoya oshisayo egunjini lokomisa liphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekubeni i-coke powder ezungeze umgudu womoya.
4. Ukulungiswa okungalungile komoya oshisayo ku-bellows kuzokhiqiza ama-eddy currents, okuzokwenza ukuthi ubisi lwe-powder lushiswe kakhulu endaweni futhi lukhiqize i-coke powder.
3) ukungancibiliki ngokushesha
Uma imikhiqizo yesiphuzo esiqinile ingancibiliki ngokushesha, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
1. Fafaza ama-granules omkhiqizo nge-lecithin.
2. Khulisa ngokufanelekile ububanzi bezinhlayiyana, bese uzama ukwenza i-diameter yezinhlayiyana zomkhiqizo zifane.
4) Ukupheka
Ngemva kokuvulwa kwephakheji yesiphuzo esiqinile, okuqukethwe kulula ukuhlanganisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwamanzi eziphuzweni eziqinile ezijwayelekile kuphansi, futhi lapho umswakama wendawo yangaphandle ungaphezulu kancane, uzomunca amanzi.
Ezingeni elithile lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene wezinto ezihlukahlukene zokudla kanye nemvelo yangaphandle inomswakama olinganayo. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kuqukethwe komswakamo, ukumuncwa komswakamo kwenzeka okuholela ekukhoneni.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekupakishweni, ukuthuthwa kanye nokugcinwa kweziphuzo eziqinile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela ukubamba umswakama.
Ngokuvamile, umswakama ohlobene ekamelweni lokupakisha kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kwama-45%; izinto zokwakha noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela igesi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukwenza ukupakisha; uma i-asidi isetshenziswa ezithakweni, i-anhydrous citric acid noma i-tartaric acid kufanele isetshenziswe.
