Isakhiwo sinquma umsebenzi. Indlela eyinhloko ye-antibacterial kanye ne-bacteriostasis yezitshalo ezikhishwe yi-hydrophobicity yayo eqinile esakhiweni. Ukukhishwa kwezitshalo kungenza ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana e-bacterial kanye nesakhiwo se-phospholipid ku-mitochondria kuhlukane, kulimaze ukwakheka kweseli, kuthuthukise ukungeneka kwe-membrane yeseli, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwama-ion nokuqukethwe kwe-intracellular, bese kuholela ekufeni kweseli lebhaktheriya. Isibonelo, i-chlorogenic acid ekhishwe ekukhishweni kwe-honeysuckle ingahlangana nolwelwesi lweseli lwe-Escherichia coli, ikhulise ukungena kwe-cell membrane, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-alkaline phosphatase oketshezini olulashwa lwebhaktheriya i-Escherichia coli lenyuka, futhi izinga lokulimala kwamaseli e-Escherichia coli lifinyelele cishe ku-40%.
Okukhishwe kwezitshalo kungaphinde kubulale amagciwane ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-bacterial peptidoglycan ukulimaza i-morphology yamagciwane, njenge-Cylindroma root extract. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yayo yokulwa namagciwane ihlanganisa nokucekelwa phansi noma ukucekelwa phansi kodonga lweseli yebhaktheriya, ukucekelwa phansi kwe-cell plasma membrane, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo seprotheyini ye-cell membrane, kodwa futhi kungenza ukuhlangana kwe-cytoplasm yebhaktheriya, ukunyakaza kwe-cell proton kube buthaka, futhi kungathuthukisa umsebenzi wokuzivikela wamathumbu epithelial ukudlala umphumela wokutheleleka ngebhaktheriya. Isibonelo, i-berberine hydrochloride ingenza -amaseli e-hemolysin akhiqizwe u-S. aureus ukuthi ahlanekezelwe futhi akhubazeke, kwenze indawo yeseli ingalingani futhi ivuzayo imisoco nezinto zofuzo. Inani elikhulu lezifundo zokuhlola liqinisekisile ukuthi umphumela we-antibacterial wezingxenye ezisebenzayo zodwa awulungile njengalowo wesitshalo sonke esikhishwe, okubonisa ukuthi imiphumela yengxenye ngayinye ekukhishwe kwesitshalo ku-vivo ikhuthaza ngokulinganayo.
Izitshalo ezehlukene ezikhishwayo zilawula izitshalo zamathumbu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye zingavimbela ngokuqondile amabhaktheriya ayingozi ngezindlela ezahlukene, kanti ezinye zingakhuthaza ukukhula kwama-probiotics futhi zivimbele ngokungaqondile ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane ayingozi. Ezinye izingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo, njenge-oligosaccharides, zinemiphumela ecacile ye-probiotic, engakhuthaza ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwamabhaktheriya anenzuzo njenge-bifidobacterium ne-lactic acid bacteria ku-vivo kanye ne-in vitro, futhi ekugcineni ukwandisa inani lamabhaktheriya anenzuzo ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lamabhaktheriya ayingozi. Isibonelo, ukukhishwa kwe-Yucca shidigero kunganciphisa inani lamagciwane ayingozi njenge-Bacteroides ne-Eubacteria, futhi kwandise inani le-Helicobacter ku-broiler yamathumbu. I-Aloe Vera Extract inganciphisa ukufa okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kanye nenani le-Salmonella emathunjini e-broilers. Ukukhishwa kwe-Purslane kunganciphisa inani le-Escherichia coli ku-cecum futhi kwandise inani le-Lactobacillus ne-Bifidobacterium.
