Ama-Antioxidants: Imisebe ye-Uv ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), eyenza i-tyrosinase isebenze futhi ibangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Ama-Antioxidants anganciphisa ama-radicals mahhala futhi anciphise ukusebenza kwe-tyrosinase. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingavimba ukusabela kwe-oxidation ye-tyrosinase futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwe-melanin. Ama-antioxidants avamile ahlanganisa i-vitamin C, i-vitamin E, i-vitamin B, i-glutathione, i-coenzyme Q10 njalonjalo.
IHydroquinone: IHydroquinone, amakhemikhali eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hydroquinone, iyisithako esivamile nesisebenzayo esenza sibe mhlophe. IHydroquinone ivimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase ngokubopha i-histidine endaweni esebenzayo ye-tyrosinase.
I-Arbutin nokuphuma kwayo: I-Arbutin iphuma e-glycosylated ye-hydroquinone. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-hydroquinone, i-arbutin inokusebenza okuncane kanye nobuthi obuphansi. I-Arbutin ngokuncintisana ibophezela ku-tyrosinase ekugxilweni okungewona ubuthi kuma-melanocyte, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele umsebenzi we-tyrosinase futhi yehlise ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. Njengamanje, i-arbutin kanye nokuphuma kwayo kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni emhlophe.
I-Kojic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo: I-Kojic acid iyi-metabolite esikhunta etholakala ku-acetobacter, i-Aspergillus ne-penicillium. I-Kojic acid ingakwazi ukugaya ama-athomu ethusi endaweni esebenzayo ye-tyrosinase, ingasebenzi i-tyrosinase. I-Kojic acid dipalmitate iyi-kojic acid whitener edumile, futhi i-kojic acid monolinolenic acid ihlanganisa umphumela wokuba mhlophe we-kojic acid ne-linolenic acid.
I-Azelaic acid: I-Azelaic acid, ivimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase ngokuvimbela indawo esebenzayo ye-enzyme ekuxhumaneni ne-tyrosine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-azelaic acid ingavimba ukuthuthwa okuvamile kwe-melanin kuma-melanocyte, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ze-melanin.
I-Glutathione: I-Glutathione ibandakanyeka ku-catalysis ye-pseudo-melanin futhi ivamise ukungezwa kuzimonyo njengesithako esimhlophe. I-Glutathione iza ngezinhlobo ezimbili, i-glutathione encishisiwe (GSH) kanye ne-oxidized glutathione (GSSH). Izindlela ezimhlophe ze-glutathione zihlanganisa: ukuqedwa kwama-radicals mahhala nama-peroxides ngokusebenzisa imodi ye-antioxidant, nokuvinjelwa okungaqondile komsebenzi we-tyrosinase; Ukubophezela endaweni esebenzayo ye-tyrosinase, ukuvimbela ngokuqondile umsebenzi we-tyrosinase; Iphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwe-tyrosinase ku-premelanin corpuscle; Khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-eumelanin ku-pseudomelanin; Ukulawula ikhono le-decolorization ye-melanocytotoxin.
I-Tranexamic acid: I-Tranexamic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tranexamic acid, iyi-plasminogen inhibitor futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emtholampilo we-hemostasis. Isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana sifana ne-tyrosine, futhi ingabopha ne-tyrosinase, isebenzise ithuluzi lokuhlanganiswa kwe-melanin, futhi ikhiqize ukuvinjelwa kokuncintisana.
I-plant extract: ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo esikhishwe njengesithako esenza sibe mhlophe kuhlinzekela emizamweni yabantu yokubuyela emvelweni. Njengamanje, okukhishwe kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile ezinomphumela omhlophe emakethe yi-licorice ekhishwe, i-mulberry ekhishwe, i-aloe ekhishwe, i-green tea extract, i-proanthocyanidin nokunye. Izitshalo zezitshalo zingavimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase ngamadigri ahlukene, futhi zibe nomthelela we-antioxidation. I-Proanthocyanidin iyi-antioxidant yemvelo eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke engaqeda ngempumelelo ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni womuntu.
I-Nicotinamide: I-Nicotinamide iwuhlobo olusebenzayo lwe-nicotinic acid (uvithamini B3), olungavimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase kanye nokudluliselwa kwama-melanosome kuma-keratinocyte. Ayikwazi ukuphazamisa kuphela ukwakheka kwe-melanin, kodwa futhi iphazamise inqubo yokuthutha ye-melanin, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuba mhlophe.
I-ejenti yokuhlubula amakhemikhali: Ukukhumula amakhemikhali kuwukukhumula ungqimba lwe-cuticle olungaphezulu lokuguga nokufa ngokulimala kwamakhemikhali, futhi i-melanin equkethwe kuyo nayo iyawa. I-ejenti yokuhlubula amakhemikhali ngokusheshisa ukushintshwa kwe-cuticle, isheshise i-metabolism kanye nokuchithwa kwe-melanin ku-epidermis, yenza umbala wesikhumba ube lula, ugcwele ukucwebezela. Ama-ejenti ajwayelekile okuhlubula amakhemikhali afaka i-asidi yesithelo, i-salicylic acid, i-lactic acid, njll.
